The lifetime of wireless sensor network is crucial, since autonomous operation must be guaranteed over an extended period. As all the sensor data has to be forwarded to an observer via multihop routing, the traffic pattern is highly nonuniform, putting a high burden on the sensor nodes close to the observer. We propose and analyze four strategies that balance the energy consumption of the nodes...

This paper introduces an innovative energy management system architecture for Smart Grids, designed in the European 7th framework program project e-balance. The architecture is hierarchical and fractal-like, which results in better scalability and reuse of algorithms and programming code for energy management. It supports both micro-grids and distributed energy resources. The system is structur...

Abstract This paper suggests an algorithm which increases the energy efficiency based on LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)[1] for sensor network routing. Due to the random cluster head election process, LEACH does not guarantee the optimization for the number and position of cluster heads. Also it results in inefficiency in energy consumption. This paper suggests improved cluster...

Decisions concerning how we balance energy supply and demand should not be made by quantitative cost-benefit analyses alone. The distributions of costs and benefits among individuals, groups of individuals, nations, and generations raise questions of equity that need to be addressed forthrightly. Doing so can help rather than impede the decision-making process.

Battery packs containing multiple cells in series require a balancing system in order to ensure energy and power requirements for the battery pack are maintained throughout its life. Based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM) of a cell, a new framework is proposed which can accommodate a controloriented model of a balancing system while maintaining the same measured input and output as an ECM....

with the growth in customers’ demand diversification, mixed-model u-lines (mmul) have acquired increasing importance in the area of assembly systems. there are generally two different approaches in the literature for balancing such systems. some researchers believe that since the types of models can be very diverse, a balancing approach without simultaneously sequencing of models will not yield...

The Energy balancing is one of the critical issue in the wireless sensor networks. The residual energy plays an important role in maintaining the balanced energy status in the network. Many research works have suggested numerous solutions related to energy balancing. In this paper, we proposed an efficient algorithm, which is mainly considering the energy density of the clusters to balance the ...

Abstract Nowadays national and international directives have focused on improving energy efficiency in the building sector. According to them, consumption emissions of buildings must be reduced. This can achieved by balancing demand buildings. In this context, paper proposes a buildings’ method using simulation program IDA ICE real measurements. A 3D model was developed, indoor climate monitore...

Lithium-based batteries are considered as the most advanced batteries technology, which can be designed for high energy or high power storage systems. However, the battery cells are never fully identical due to the fabrication process, surrounding environment factors and differences between the cells tend to grow if no measures are taken. In order to have a high performance battery system, the ...