having in mind the high level of challenge in writing as a foreign language, this research provided iranian efl learners with audiovisual feedbacks as an alternative of common written feedback and focused on its’ meaningfulness in order to provide an incentive medium for the participants and increase their moti-vation. one hundred young adult female learners in addition to six english language ...

the purpose of this study was to examine cook’s (2003) ‘multiple competence’ by investigating backward pragmatic transfer (from l2 [english] to l1 [persian]) in refusals to invitations. it explored participants’ frequency and content of refusal strategies in l1 regarding the status (i.e., power and distance) of interlocutors and the proficiency level of efl learners. the participants were persi...

We investigated the influence of English proficiency on ERPs elicited by lexical semantic violations in English sentences, in both native English speakers and native Spanish speakers who learned English in adulthood. All participants were administered a standardized test of English proficiency, and data were analyzed using linear mixed effects (LME) modeling. Relative to native learners, late l...

International students learning English as a second language in Australia were studied to find how their perception of teachers’ level of commitment to teach them English affects their own motivation to study English. A questionnaire survey was administered on the learners at three different levels of proficiency to also identify the relationship between the levels of study and the learners’ pe...

This article discusses the reasons why Chinese learners of English avoid using phrasal verbs in an English community context or when using English as an interlanguage in China. The avoidance of phrasal verbs often leads to ineffective communication. By adopting appropriate pedagogical and methodological approaches or providing proper guidance to learning, Chinese learners of English may achieve...

This paper is based on a study of the acquisition of dental fricatives by advanced Pakistani learners of English. The results are analyzed in light of predictions of the speech learning model (SLM: Flege 1995) using Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 2004). In Pakistani English, dental fricatives [θ ð] are substituted with dental stops [t̪ d̪]. The current study aims to find out if Pakistani l...

This paper aims at using a model-based duration-difference approach to analyze L2 learners’ duration-aspect accent, and, segmental duration characteristics. We use the durational differences deviated from native-English speech duration as an objective measure to evaluate the learner’s timing characteristics. The use of model-based approach provides flexible evaluation without the need to collec...

collocations are one of the areas generally considered problematic for efl learners. iranian learners of english like other efl learners face various problems in producing oral collocations.  an analysis of learners' spoken interlanguage both indicates the scope of the problem and the necessity to spend more time and energy by learners on mastering collocations. the present study specifically f...