Scope and semimodal verbs: two approaches In this paper I focus on scope phenomena connected with semimodal (and modal) verbs and mainly on the syntactic behaviour of these groups of verbs. One important question is: why can semimodal verbs (and modal verbs in epistemic use) not have perfect and future tense forms? Taking among other things Reichenbach’s tense system as a starting point I try t...

Despite the high productivity in English of denominal verb formation by conversion, a constraint on possible interpretations is identified: intransitive denominal conversion verbs are infelicitous where the source nominal is intended to be an incremental theme (#apple ‘eat apple’), a patient (#shirt ‘wear shirt’), or the holder of a result state (#window ‘open window’). This little-studied cons...

In Early Modern Persian prose and verse, verbs with a present stem accompanied by grapheme "-y" have been used to express modal concepts of imperative and command or invocation and request. Researchers, regardless of the historical changes of Early Modern Persian, believe that this structure of  subjunctive 2nd person singular has been used to express imperative mood, and that &q...

The article examines the features of presence a person-oriented type discourse in online movie review written English. Personal itself covers almost all text types generated by Internet due to various verbal and non-verbal means converging addressee communicative message. variety linguistic characteristics disclosing inner world person, expressing interpersonal relations, lexical explicating ca...

This paper describes a model of the choice of modal verbs and modal particles. The choice mechanism does not require a modality-specific input as, e.g., a modal logical formula. Instead semantic (modal force) and pragmatic constraints (speech act marking) are applied to the available information on the whole and constrain the set of modal candidates to those that are appropriate in the respecti...

Writing, the language skill three, is a part of productive four intergrated skills. Error Analysis as learning approach to study about problematic English written product. It mostly-complecated than others. This current aims at analyzing grammatical errors made and investigating levels produced. was carried out by using descriptive quantitative research method test, guided writing test letting ...

This paper proposes a system of 97 verbal semantic attributes for Japanese verbs which considers both dynamic characteristics and the relationship of verbs to cases. These attribute values are used to disambiguate the meanings of all Japanese and English pattern pairs in a Japanese to English transfer pattern dictionary consisting of 15,000 pairs of Japanese valence patterns and equivalent Engl...

The article presents a new view on Chinese modal verbs as part of speech. Based the typology language, authors analyzed according to their functional-syntactic, formal-morphological, and semantic features in order importance. discusses position operators sentence other characteristics. For instance, have no impact object cannot independently form sentences or combine with grammemes. Therefore, ...