[1] We analyze short-period precursory energy to PP that can be observed in seismograms in the distance range from 95 to 105 to infer the behavior of subducted slabs beneath western Pacific subduction zones. PP is a P wave once reflected at the free surface between the source and receiver. Using high-resolution seismic array techniques, we analyze the incidence angle, timing, and azimuth of the...

In order to examine the pathways of hepatic glycogen repletion in the periportal and perivenous zones of the liver, [1-13C]glucose (99% enriched) was infused intraduodenally into conscious, 24-h fasted rats for 3 h. The liver was then quickly perfused in situ, and the cytoplasmic contents of the periportal and perivenous hepatocytes were selectively sampled by modification of the dual-digitonin...

Mixed-redox (suboxic, or oscillating between oxidizing and reducing conditions) to anoxic marine sediments from the Raritan –New York Bay complex and the Inner New York Bight of the eastern U.S. were studied to investigate the factors controlling the accumulation of pore-water dissolved organic carbon (DOC). DOC increased with depth at each of four study sites, but accumulation was generally li...

Neuromuscular synapses form following a series of complex interactions between motor neurons, muscle fibers, and Schwann cells that culminate in the formation of a highly specialized postsynaptic membrane and a highly differentiated nerve terminal (Son and Thompson, 1995; Burden, 1998; Sanes and Lichtman, 2001; Schaeffer et al., 2001). In adult muscle, motor axon terminals are situated in shall...

During acute hypertension, Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHE3) retract from top to base of proximal tubule microvilli (MV) and Na(+) reabsorption decreases in proximal tubule. This study aimed to determine whether the actin-based motor myosin VI coordinately retracts with NHE3 in response to acute hypertension. BP was raised approximately 50 mmHg in rats for 20 to 30 min or sham treated, and kidneys w...

We investigated experience-dependent plasticity of somatosensory maps in rat S1 cortex during early development. We analyzed both short- and long-term effects of exposure to 2G hypergravity (HG) during the first 3 postnatal weeks on forepaw representations. We also examined the potential of adult somatosensory maps for experience-dependent plasticity after early HG rearing. At postnatal day 22,...

Subseafloor mixing of reduced hydrothermal fluids with seawater is believed to provide the energy and substrates needed to support deep chemolithoautotrophic life in the hydrated oceanic mantle (i.e., serpentinite). However, geosphere-biosphere interactions in serpentinite-hosted subseafloor mixing zones remain poorly constrained. Here we examine fossil microbial communities and fluid mixing pr...

Avian beak diversity is a classic example of morphological evolution. Recently, we showed that localized cell proliferation mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) can explain the different shapes of chicken and duck beaks (Wu et al. [2004] Science 305:1465). Here, we compare further growth activities among chicken (conical and slightly curved), duck (straight and long), and cockatiel (...

Originating in a tropical climate, maize has faced great challenges as cultivation has expanded to the majority of the world's temperate zones. In these zones, frost and cold temperatures are major factors that prevent maize from reaching its full yield potential. Among 30 elite maize inbred lines adapted to northern China, we identified two lines of extreme, but opposite, freezing tolerance le...

Here we show that marginal zone (MZ)-B cells in rats can already be detected in neonatal spleen from two days after birth. At this time point, morphologically distinct MZs are not present yet and the vast majority of B cells in spleen are located in a concentric area surrounding the T cell zones (PALS). Before MZs are obviously detectable in spleen (14 days after birth), MZ-B cells seem to be e...