Role of Soil Plasticity in Evaluating Clay Conditioning for EPB Tunnelling Soil clogging occurred at the early construction stage of Nanchang Metro Line 1, China, when an earth balance pressure (EPB) shield passed through the argillaceous siltstone with a total content of clay minerals of 40.5%. To avoid the reappearance of soil clogging at the later stage, a new scheme was proposed to determin...

BACKGROUND With high short-term mortality and substantial excess morbidity among survivors, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The objective of this study was to assess the long-term mortality and causes of death in a TBM patient population compared to the background population. METHODS A nationwide cohort study was conducted en...

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a common, devastating cause of meningitis in HIV-infected persons. Due to international rollout programs, access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is increasing globally. Starting patients with HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis (TBM) on ART during tuberculosis (TB) treatment may increase survival in these patients. We undertook this study to describe c...

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) and has very high morbidity and mortality. TBM is typically a subacute disease with symptoms that may persist for weeks before diagnosis. Characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of TBM include a lymphocytic-predominant pleiocytosis, elevated protein, and low glucose. CSF acid-fast smear an...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in resource poor TB endemic environments is challenging. The accuracy of current tools for the rapid diagnosis of TBM is suboptimal. We sought to develop a clinical-prediction rule for the diagnosis of TBM in a high HIV prevalence setting, and to compare performance outcomes to conventional diagnostic modalities and a novel lipo...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the enhancement of tolbutamide (TBM) oral bioavailability and hypoglycaemic activity through complexation with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD). TBM and its freeze-dried inclusion complexes were administered to rabbits (New zealand breed; n=6), in a dose of 20 mg/kg. TMB plasma levels were measured by H...

BACKGROUND Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the most common etiologies of aseptic meningitis. The severest manifestation of VZV meningitis is occasionally confused with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Thus, we investigated the clinical manifestations of VZV meningitis as compared with those of TBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS All adult patients who were diagnosed with VZV meningitis or TBM were...

This paper deals with the conceptual design of Experimental Helium Cooling Loop (EHCL) for Indian Test Blanket Module (TBM) and its related thermal hydraulic experiments. Indian TBM team is developing Lead Lithium cooled Ceramic Breeder (INLLCB) TBM to be tested in ITER. The TBM box structure is cooled by high pressure (8 MPa) and high temperature (300-500C) helium gas. The first wall of TBM ma...

This paper analyzes various schemes for the Euler-Poisson-Boltzmann (EPB) model of plasma physics. This model consists of the pressureless gas dynamics equations coupled with the Poisson equation and where the Boltzmann relation relates the potential to the electron density. If the quasi-neutral assumption is made, the Poisson equation is replaced by the constraint of zero local charge and the ...

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a common entity n children and also in adults with prediosposing factors such as AIDS, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malignancy and use of steroids. TBM often leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. We present here CSF culture positive cases of TBM reported between 2000 and 2004 from our institution. CSF specimens from patients suspected of TBM were proce...