the most widespread method to determine temporal and spatial variations of lai in a regional scale is empirical relationships based on the normalized difference of reflectance bands of satellite data. this study was done to evaluate the equations of remotely sensed lai estimation and optimize their parameters. therefore, lai was measured in the field for summer growing season in irrigated field...

We consider a (2 + 1)-dimensional SU(N) lattice gauge theory in an axial gauge with the link field U 1 set equal to one. The term in the Hamilto-nian containing the square of the electric field in the 1-direction is non-local. Despite this non-locality, we show that weak-coupling perturbation theory in this term gives a finite vacuum-energy density to second order, and suggest that this propert...

We consider a 2 + 1-dimensional SU(N) lattice gauge theory in an axial gauge with the link field U 1 set equal to one. The term in the Hamiltonian containing the square of the electric field in 1-direction is non-local. Despite this non-locality, we show that weak-coupling perturbation theory in this term gives a finite vacuum-energy density to second order, and suggest that this property holds...

We consider a 2 + 1-dimensional SU(N) lattice gauge theory in an axial gauge with the link field U 1 set equal to one. The term in the Hamiltonian containing the square of the electric field in 1-direction is non-local. Despite this non-locality, we show that weak-coupling perturbation theory in this term gives a finite vacuum-energy density to second order, and suggest that this property holds...

The traditional 3 3 cell neighborhood used in a focal operation on a raster layer has a square shape that results in a dimensional neighborhood of which the orientation is eventually arbitrary to the physical features represented. This paper presents an experiment using a circular neighborhood to calculate slope gradient. Comparisons of the results from a circular neighborhood with the results ...

Hellin (1895) published evidence indicating that the relative frequencies of multiple births conform to a simple mathematical relationship which may be expressed thus: The frequency of triplet maternities is equal to the square of the frequency of twin maternities, and the frequency of quadruplet maternities is equal to its cube. Stated in general terms, if f is the frequency of twin litters, t...

This paper develops bootstrap methods for testing whether, in a finite sample, competing out-of-sample forecasts from nested models are equally accurate. Most prior work on forecast tests for nested models has focused on a null hypothesis of equal accuracy in population — basically, whether coefficients on the extra variables in the larger, nesting model are zero. We instead use an asymptotic a...

Background: In radiotherapy, wedge filters are used for optimizing the tumor dose distribution in patients. The attenuation in beam intensity due to the presence of wedge filter is compensated by means of a wedge factor measured at the central axis of the beam. The field size, depth and SSD dependence of wedge factor have been assessed for 9MV radiations of Neptun PC linear accelerator. Materia...

Equivalent fields are frequently used for central axis depth-dose calculations of rectangular and irregular shaped photon beam. Since most of the proposed models to calculate the equivalent square field, are dosimetry-based, a simple physical-based method to calculate the equivalent square field size was used as the basis of this study. The table of the sides of the equivalent square for rectan...