Currently, portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analysis is widely used as an auxiliary method for the preliminary investigation of soil heavy metal contamination. In this study, a smart glasses-based application (app) was developed to support field workers performing contamination surveys with PXRF analyzer. The app using MIT App Inventor and runs on glasses based optical head-mounted display th...

The three methods currently used for determining the extent of bacterial contamination on eating and drinking utensils, dairy equipment, and so forth, are thoroughly described in Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products (American Public Health Association, 1948). They are known as the Rinse, Plate Contact, and Swab Contact Methods. In studies on dishwashing, the authors desired to...

Introduction / objectives Environmental contamination with nosocomial pathogens on the near–patient surfaces and equipment has been associated with its indirect transmission. Thorough, regularly scheduled cleaning and disinfection of the environment is essential to break this transmission. Environmental hygiene is a priority for all healthcare faciltiies. Unfortunately, despite regular cleaning...

There isa well-recognized need fora reliable, convenient, and simple method for determining whole blood pH, PaCO2, and Pa0,. We have designed a specimen collectionset thatfacilitates collection ofthespecimen and permits convenient and reliableanalysis by the laboratory.Specimens are collected in newly designed “Vacutainer” tubes containing heparin and nitrogengas.WithoutremovingtheVacutainersto...

An inexpensive device suitable for sampling microorganisms in water and easily constructed from readily available laboratory equipment is described. The need to transfer subsamples to culturing flasks after collection is eliminated by partly filling the sampling vessels with growth medium prior to sampling. The device is readily adapted for sampling different volumes, is simple and quick to ope...

Veterinary control and routine sanitary procedures in commercial poultry hatcheries should include the following: choice of a suitable geographical location to ensure an isolated site; proper hatchery design with separation of major operations; one-way flow of work within the hatchery; adequate ventilation of each room; routine cleaning and disinfection; formaldehyde fumigation or alternative m...

background :  nosocomial infections are considered as health issues that affect developed and poor countries. these infections can be transmitted to patients through hospital environment and equipments. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gram-negative bacilli in the environment and the equipments of hospitals in the east of golestan province in 2015.  methods :  in this stu...

Pharmaceutical product and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be contaminated by other pharmaceutical products or APIs, by cleaning agents, by microorganisms or by other materials e.g. air borne particle, dust, lubricants, raw materials, intermediates. Mainly cleaning is performed to remove product and non-product contaminating material. Ineffective cleaning can lead to adulterated pr...