in welfare economic studies, because of the differences among households scale, we cannot consider household expenditures without attention to this factor. a simple method to consider household scale in welfare analysis is the usage of the per capita expenditure. but, the usage of per capita expenditure ignores economies of scale. in fact, per capita expenditure is a biased variable, and underv...

Identification of linear parameter-varying systems in an input-output setting is investigated, focusing on the case when the noise part of the data generating system is an additive colored noise. In the Box-Jenkins and output-error cases, it is shown that the currently available linear regression and instrumental variable methods from the literature are far from being optimal in terms of bias a...

The objectives of this study were to investigate color patterns of shell and mantle edge pigmentation of a Pacific oyster, C. gigas, and to estimate variance components of the two colors. A sample of 240 F0 oysters was collected from six aquaculture farms in Tongyeong, Korea to measure shell color and mantle edge pigmentation. Among the F0s, male and female individuals with black (white) shell ...

In this paper we investigate certain connections between the class Rs,? of rapidly varying sequences (in sense de Haan) and rapid equivalence, selection principles game theory.

This paper addresses Paul Churchland’s (2007) attempt to identify colors with surface reflectance spectra. Of particular concern is Churchland’s novel method of approximating surface reflectance spectra. While those approximations are generated by objective means and yield a striking match with human phenomenological color space, they are not physically meaningful. The reason for this is that t...

A graph G is (a, b)-choosable if for any color list of size a associated with each vertices, one can choose a subset of b colors such that adjacent vertices are colored with disjoint color sets. This paper shows an equivalence between the (a, b)-choosability of a graph and the (a, b)-choosability of one of its subgraphs called the extended core. As an application, this result allows to prove th...

colors influence mood and mental state of human beings and since manis constantly in touch with colors, great important will be attached to thecolors. exercise is also associated with different colors and is performed inan environment full of different colors. also, one of the important factorsaffecting athletes' success is response to the stimulus. considering theimportance of color and r...