objectives: the aims of this study were to test whether lightening of the overexposed radiographs improve determination of endodontic files length and whether lightened radiographs are comparable with ideally exposed radiographs. material and methods: four dried human skull coated with soft tissue-equivalent wax used for exposing radiographs of the upper molars. first, the endodontic file was p...

This paper discusses the dynamic performance and the modeling of a DSTATCOM with Capacitor Bank (CB) and Ultra Capacitor Energy Storage (UCES) considering their equivalent series resistance for improving the operation of power quality in power distribution system. The proposed integrated DSTATCOM system is studied for riding through voltage sags and dynamically controlling active power independ...

Electrolytic capacitors are extensively used in filtering and power decoupling in power electronic converters. Low cost and high energy density of these capacitors make them popular. However, these capacitors degrade with age due to heating and evaporation of electrolyte. This process may take about 2 to 7 years depending on the application, ambient conditions and capacitor construction. This p...

system the time constant of which is mainly related to the dumping resistance of the RLC series branch in the equivalent circuit. A second pole is introduced by the rectifier [6], so the whole system could be approximated by a two pole transfer function. Note that the PWM modulator moves the negative slope edge of the input voltage signal changing the duty cycle and consequently the amplitude o...

Designed a Low-Dropout (LDO) Regulator, analyzed the circuit structure and the sub-circuit design With On-chip Frequency Compensation. Presented a novel internal frequency compensation circuit, fulfilled the use of low equivalent series resistance (ESR) load capacitor, and an accurate over-current protection circuit is realized, thus improves transient response and reduce the cost greatly. Test...

From the theory of an electric network containing any combination of resistances and a single variable impedance element having a constant phase angle independent of frequency, it is shown that the graph of the terminal series reactance against the resistance is an arc of a circle with the position of the center depending upon the phase angle of the variable element. If it be assumed that biolo...

It is interesting to find the equivalent resistance between two nodes of an infinite electrical network. In this paper, we consider network that can be described as a series squares whose edges are resistors with $R$ and corresponding vertices joined successively by well. Our major work diagonal base square First, apply techniques balanced bridges symmetry voltages convert each iteration para...

The aim of this research is to present a simple online condition monitoring system to predict failure of the aluminum electrolytic capacitors used in the output LC filter of the switched mode DC–DC buck converters. Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is the best indicator of the failure of the aluminium electrolytic capacitors. The main idea of the proposed method is to monitor the ESR value and...

In this thesis, we design and implement the degradation state diagnostic system for supercapacitors. In order to detect the degradation degree of supercapacitors, it is necessary to measure the changes of parameters that include capacitance, ESR (equivalent series resistance) and the leakage current. The way to obtain these parameters is to collect the voltage and current values by the data acq...

A long cycle-life, high-voltage supercapacitor featuring an activated carbon//poly(3methylthiophene) hybrid configuration with N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid, a solvent-free green electrolyte, was developed. The cyclability of a laboratory scale cell with electrode mass loading sized for practical uses was tested at 60 °C over 16,000 galvanostatic ...