Abstract To investigate the decay extent of wooden components in ancient buildings Danxia Temple, absorption peak intensities, changes chemical components, and cellulose crystallinity red oak (Quercus sp.), birch (Betula maple (Pterocarya sp.) were determined analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results are as follows: (1) intensities representing hemicellulose decreased ...

Grapevine powdery mildew, caused by the ascomycete Erysiphe necator, is a major threat to grapes worldwide. Despite its global impact on grape production, E. necator is sensitive to adverse environmental conditions, such as excess heat, free water and UV radiation. Using detached leaf co-culture assays, 3-d-old single colonies of E. necator were exposed to 1, 2 or 3 consecutive d of punctuated ...

Oak wilt infection centers are initiated by overland spread of the causal fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (T. W. Bretz) J. Hunt, by insects (10). Sap-feeding beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) are considered a primary vector of the pathogen in the north central states (7,9). Successful transmission by sap-feeding beetles depends on several coexisting conditions, including (i) the availability of...

Recessive alleles (mlo) of the Mlo locus in barley mediate a broad, non-race-specific resistance reaction to the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis f sp hordei. A mutational approach was used to identify genes that are required for the function of mlo. Six susceptible M2 individuals were isolated after inoculation with the fungal isolate K1 from chemically mutagenized seed carrying the mlo...

Quercus cerris is an important oak species extended in large areas of Eastern Europe and Minor Asia that has a thick bark which is not utilized at all. The sorption performance of cork from Quercus cerris bark with four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene) was investigated. Quercus cerris cork was characterized for elemental analysis, ac...