modernity is a reality that formed in framework of the enlightenment movement and histo-cultural context of west european countries as an internal process. because of the disseminating nature of modernity, its waves spread across the non-western countries. this article focuses on the outcomes of imported modernity in intellectual level of the non-western countries. for analyzing this topic, rus...

1 This essay surveys the development of strategic theory from its emergence in the seventeenth century through the era of the world wars. Although the focus is on ideas, some account is taken of changing historical circumstances against which strategic thought has unfolded. The goal of theory in any field is to improve our understanding of reality , and our ability to act effectively. In the ca...

The word ‘periodical’ immediately calls to mind huge stacks of bound volumes neatly arranged on library shelves. Yet, in historical terms, it would be hard to claim that ‘periodical’ is a word endowed with a definite and univocal connotation. Even the criterion of ‘periodicity’ leaves a lot out of account. Forms historically assumed by periodicals often envisaged regular schedules of appearance...

This paper presents a scheme for generating paper texture of historical documents. A new entropy based segmentation algorithm is used to decompose the image of documents into the image of the paper background and the printing of the document. Statistical analysis allows filling in the gaps from the printing, yielding a blank sheet of paper with similar texture to the original document.

Hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity are two gender-specific personality dimensions that represent adherence to extremely traditional gender-role ideologies. The present studies were conducted to develop and validate a gender-neutral measure of adherence to these extreme stereotypic gender beliefs. From a pool of 142 potential items, item analyses resulted in an internally consistent 57-item Hy...

In this paper, we propose a novel junction detection method in handwritten images, which uses the stroke-length distribution in every direction around a reference point inside the ink of texts. Our proposed junction detection method is simple and efficient, and yields a junction feature in a natural manner, which can be considered as a local descriptor. We apply our proposed junction detector t...

Congenital and acquired forms of paralysis have usually been left in the hands of the family physician, supplemented by occasional visits to the nerve specialist or the shop for orthopsedic appliances ; and the treatment has been on the routine lines of electricitj* in some form, massage, hydrotherapeutics and nervine tonics. Hitherto the ordinary surgeon has shunned this class of case as much ...

Hundreds of millions of pages of microfilmed historical documents are not being digitised at this time due to insufficient individual demand to garner appropriate commercial attention and investment. This paper demonstrates that the cost of digitisation and online delivery can be lowered dramatically using a novel application of recent technological advancements in imaging, data processing and ...

A convertible bond is defined to be (e.g., Jorion [10]) a bond issued by a corporation that can be converted into the equity of that corporation at certain times using a predetermined exchange ratio. This entails the creation of new shares issued by the corporation if and when conversion occurs, and the existing shares are diluted by the creation of the new shares. The option to convert is sole...