Biotic elicitors can be used to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in plants. However, limited information is available on the effects of biotic elicitors from endophytic fungi on their host plant. Trichoderma atroviride D16 is an endophytic fungus isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and previously reported to produce tanshinone I (T-I) and tanshinone IIA (T-IIA). Here,...

The most potent mycotoxin, aflatoxins are the secondary metabolite produced by fungi, especially Aspergillus, and have been found to be ubiquitous, contaminating cereals, crops, even milk causing major health economic issues in some countries due poor storage, substandard management, lack of awareness. Different aspects toxin reviewed here, including its structural biochemistry, occurrence, fac...

Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey. (Boraginaceae) is a very popular medicinal plant that is used as a tonic, tranquillizer, diaphoretic, and a remedy for cough, sore throat and pneumonia in traditional medicine of Iran. Callus culture of medicinal plants is one of the ways for production of secondary metabolites. In this study, we investigated callus culture of E. amoenum and the major secondary meta...

The conservation of medicinal plants, particularly endangered or endemic species, is the utmost importance, especially in light inevitable climate change and its consequences. Species inhabiting high altitudes adopt exceptional defense mechanisms response to abiotic stresses as a survival strategy. objective current study was investigate effects altitudinal variations on secondary metabolite ac...

Classification of major secondary metabolite groups is described. A short account is also given to ultraviolet (UV) climatology and UV response in plants. Investigations regarding secondary metabolite production in plants, in vitro cultivated plant cell and tissue cultures under UV radiation, particularly UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-C (200-280 nm) are reviewed. The capacity of plants, callus and t...

Echium amoenum Fisch. and C.A. Mey. (Boraginaceae) is a very popular medicinal plant which is used as a tonic, tranquillizer, diaphoretic, cough remedy, sore throat and pneumonia in Iran’s traditional medicine. Callus culture of medicinal plants is one of the ways for production of secondary metabolites. In this study, callus culture of E. amoenum and its major secondary metabolite were investi...

It is assumed that salinity enhances the concentration of valuable metabolites in halophytes. The objective was to find a salt concentration and a point in time at which the yield for the valuable metabolites was maximal. Therefore, three different halophyte species were grown under different salinities and harvested over a period from shortly after stress induction up to three weeks. Various r...

Levodopa is widely used, but rarely is the topic of tolerance raised. Escalating requirement and ‘on/off’ fluctuations are often ascribed to disease progression, rather than admitted to be iatrogenic. The risk should be discussed before introduction, since ‘weaning off’ levodopa is difficult and usually unsuccessful. Dependence on the mood elevation and relief of anxiety might add to the diffic...