The CALIOPE-EU high-resolution air quality modeling system, namely WRF-ARW/HERMES-EMEP/CMAQ/ BSC-DREAM8b, is developed and applied to Europe (12 km 12 km, 1 h). The model performances are tested in terms of air quality levels and dynamics reproducibility on a yearly basis. The present work describes a quantitative evaluation of gas phase species (O3, NO2 and SO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 a...

Background: Combustion of fossil fuels contributes to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. To deal with this issue, the government of Iran has appointed the oil refineries to upgrade their installations and produce high quality fuels. Thus, this study investigated the status of SO2 emissions in Iran and the capability of advanced technologies to control SO2 emissions. Methods: The status of SO2 em...

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) fluxes of active degassing volcanoes are routinely measured with ground-based equipment to characterize and monitor volcanic activity. SO2 of unmonitored volcanoes or from explosive volcanic eruptions, can be measured with satellites. However, remote-sensing methods based on absorption spectroscopy generally provide integrated amounts of already dispersed plumes of SO2 and...

The hypothesis that chronic stimulation of C-fibres by inhaled irritants contributes to the inflammatory changes that occur during the development of chronic bronchitis was tested. The effect of neonatal capsaicin pretreatment on the development of respiratory tract inflammation was examined in a rat model of chronic bronchitis induced by SO2 exposure. Adult capsaicin- and vehicle-treated rats ...

We have examined the inhibitory effect of atropine and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on the bronchial response to sulphur dioxide (SO2) in groups of normal and asthmatic subjects. Eleven normal subjects were premedicated with propranolol (100 mg orally) one hour before each experiment. After baseline measurements of specific airways conductance (sGaw) the subject inhaled an aerosol from a Wright ne...

Ground-level sulphur dioxide is one of the air pollutants of high concern as a typical indicator of urban air quality. To inform decisions regarding, for instance, the protection of public health from elevated SO2 levels in the city of Balikesir, an understanding of spatial-temporal variance of SO2 patterns is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to locate sample points, characterize ...

[1] On 5 April 2005, during the East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE) aircraft campaign, heavy loadings of SO2 (20 ppb near ground, 1–3 ppb at 2 km altitude) and dust with aerosol optical depth of 1 were measured over Shenyang, an industrialized city 600 km NE of Beijing. In this study, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and MODIS satellite s...

This paper presents results of measurements of tropospheric sulphur dioxide (SO2) from satellite over China during 2004e2009. SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT SO2 data products have been validated by ground based remote sensing instrument MAXDOAS in China, and with predictions of the atmospheric model GEOSeChem. The spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric SO2 over China is discussed in this study. T...