Phytopathology is concerned with the prevention of crop losses due to pathogens in agricultural plant populations and with plant population biology regarding the understanding of the causes of changes in numerical abundance and gene frequency in wild plant populations (1). In line with this separation of the two research fields, pathosystems were divided by Robinson (12) into artificial (crops)...

BACKGROUND Communicating clinical trial results to research participants is seldom accomplished in a timely or an effective manner. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a plan to communicate results in an industry-sponsored randomized controlled trial for Huntington disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Postal survey to research participants at 28 of 41 research sites (including ...

The parasitization capacity of 3 parasitoids and the predation capacity of 3 predators towards the shallot aphid, Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster (Homoptera: Aphididae), on strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne (Rosales: Rosaceae) cv. Honeoye, were examined in laboratory experiments. In Petri dish assays, both Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and A. ervi Haliday readily stung ...

The extant literature has demonstrated that the logic of retaliation is a core feature of negative campaigning. Attacks by one side induce counterattacks by the other. Yet most research on the interactive nature of negative campaigning is limited to two-party competition and provides little theoretical justification for why political actors should respond to attacks with counterattacks. The pre...

Drug addiction has developed to a social illness. Changes in glutamate transmission have been recorded by the repeated administration of addictive drugs into VTA. In this investigation, In vivo microdialysis was used to study the effects of morphine on glutamate release from the ventral tegmentum area (VTA) in freely moving rats. Rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg, i.p.) and...

Cinnabar is a natural mercury sulfide (HgS) mineral of volcanic or hydrothermal origin that is found worldwide. It has been mined prehistorically and historically in China, Japan, Europe, and the Americas to extract metallic mercury (Hg(0)) for use in metallurgy, as a medicinal, a preservative, and as a red pigment for body paint and ceramics. Processing cinnabar via combustion releases Hg(0) v...

Many challenges exist when providing international education to those who care for people at the end of life. Though issues related to culture and language may vary, the one commonality that crosses all nations is that its people die. In general, societies seek to provide the best care they are trained to give. Many have few resources to provide this care well. Traditions of the past influence ...

Assessing the health effects of deforestation is difficult because of the rate at which the world's forests are disappearing. From 1990 to 1995 alone, the world lost a total area of forest cover nearly twice the size of Italy. Deforestation, which is caused by human population growth and encroachment, clearance for agricultural production, and the growing worldwide demand for wood products, has...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments worldwide to mitigate the tourism sector’s crisis, one of which is rely on effective and efficient crisis communication. However, Indonesian government, particularly Ministry Tourism Creative Economy (Kemenparekraf), been accused being incompetent in managing its communications. Even so, no study shows how communication was carried out ea...

Social policy matters have long been considered women's issues. Extant research has documented a strong link between gender and the policies of the welfare state in the legislative, executive and electoral arenas. Yet what determines the strength of this association has largely been left unexplored. Drawing on tokenism theory, this article proposes gender diversity at the group level as a key e...