We identified a cysteine residue, conserved near the N terminus of Pex5p- and Pex20p-like proteins, that is essential for the cytosolic relocation of peroxisomal Pex20p. Surprisingly, this residue is not completely essential for the function of the protein; its point mutation into a serine in Pex20p(C8S) causes the accumulation of the protein at the peroxisome membrane, but this is quickly foll...

Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are the causal agents of whooping cough in humans. They produce diverse virulence factors, including adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (AC-Hly), a secreted toxin of the repeat in toxins (RTX) family with cyclase, pore-forming, and hemolytic activities. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for the biological activities of the toxin pro...

Histone H4 has been isolated and purified from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. The four major fragments produced by hydrolysis of H4 by acetic acid were separated and the complete amino acid sequence of two of them was determined. By analogy with calf H4, these peptides are at the C-terminus and give the sequence from residue 68 to the C-terminus (residue 102). In this 35 residue sequence t...

N(ε) -lysine acetylation is an abundant posttranslational modification of thousands of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. In the model bacterium Escherichia coli, the ε-amino group of a lysine residue can be acetylated either catalytically by acetyl-coenzyme A (acCoA) and lysine acetyltransferases, or nonenzymatically by acetyl phosphate (acP). It is well known that catalytic acCo...

The tumor suppressor p53 is negatively regulated by the ubiquitin ligase MDM2. The MDM2 recognition site is at the NH2-terminal region of p53, but the positions of the actual ubiquitination acceptor sites are less well defined. Lysine residues at the COOH-terminal region of p53 are implicated as sites for ubiquitination and other post-translational modifications. Unexpectedly, we found that sub...

Thirteen recombinant alpha A-crystallin mutants were constructed that differed in the type of amino acid residue directly preceding the sole amine donor lysine for transglutaminases in this protein. The capacity of these mutants to be cross-linked to amine acceptor substrates by tissue transglutaminase and factor XIII was assessed. Two different biotinylated glutamine-containing oligopeptides w...

The Pseudomonas syringae type III-secreted effector HopZ1a is a member of the HopZ/YopJ superfamily of effectors that triggers immunity in Arabidopsis. We have previously shown that HopZ1a suppresses both local [effector-triggered immunity (ETI)] and systemic immunity [systemic acquired resistance (SAR)] triggered by the heterologous effector AvrRpt2. HopZ1a has been shown to possess acetyltran...

Lactogenic activity of several hormone derivatives obtained by chemical modifications of lysine residues was studied by radioreceptor assay. The relationships between structure and binding to lactogenic receptors are discussed taking into account lysine residue positions liable to be involved in the location of lactogenic function.

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) increase HIV replication and virus production in lymphocytes by increasing the activation of NF-κB in infected cells. Because α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) decreases HIV replication in PBMCs and monocytic cells and decreases NF-κB activity, we postulated that AAT might also block FDC-mediated HIV replication. Primary CD4(+) T cells were infected with HIV and cultured w...

There is emerging recognition of a novel fuel and redox sensing regulatory program that controls cellular adaptation via nonhistone protein lysine residue acetyl posttranslation modifications. This program functions in tissues with high energy demand and oxidative capacity and is highly enriched in the heart. Deacetylation is regulated by NAD(+)-dependent activation of the sirtuin family of pro...