In this paper, we explain the social foraging behavior of E. coli and M. xanthus bacteria and develop simulation models based on the principles of foraging theory that view foraging as optimization. This provides us with novel models of their foraging behavior and with new methods for distributed nongradient optimization. Moreover, we show that the models of both species of bacteria exhibit the...

A consensus on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) holds that it is pivotal for flexible behavior and the integration of the cognitive, affective, and motivational domains. Certain models have been put forth and a dominant model postulates a hierarchical anterior-posterior gradient. The structural connectivity principles of this model dictate that increasingly anterior PFC regions exhibit more efferent...

this research considers the subject of supervision and protection of family and expresses the islamic jurisprudence point of view in this regard. the followings are inferred from the jurisprudential reasons: a. terms such as ghavvam, ghayyem (custodian), raei (protector) that are used in reasons, express that in islamic point of view, superiority and protection of family mean to protect one’s w...

Among the essential elements of a theory of disease is the set of criteria that must be satisfied to establish that some specific factor is the cause of a particular disease. For example, in the germ theory various nonequivalent criteria have been proposed for establishing that specific micro-organisms cause particular diseases.' Perhaps the most famous criteria are the conditions known as Koch...

The goal of high-quality economic development proposed by China has defined the sustainable concepts innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing. Changes in strategies affect corresponding changes legal system. green patent system an important impact on development. This paper looks for evidence at level from three aspects application protection, licensing infringement relief, proves ...