Bu çalışmada Endülüs alimlerinden Muhammed Ebubekir et-Turtuşi’nin Sirâcü’l Mûlük isimli siyaset, tarih felsefesi, ahlak ve kamu hukukunun temel ilkelerine dair kaleme aldığı kitap değerlendirilmektedir. Turtuşi’nin bu eseri siyasetnameler arasında önemli bir yere etkiye sahiptir. alimi olmakla birlikte Irak, Suriye Mısır’da yaşamış, Endülüs’te kazandığı ilmi birikimini Şam Bağdat gibi şehirler...

Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusiy compiled his interpretation in a very distinctive way through linguistic approach as well steady and free interpretation. But on the one hand he rejects categorization of interpretations carried out scientifically bil ra'yi. This paper is structured to review how Hayyan's method parsing work book Bahrul Muhith analytically so that pattern found, especially relation categ...

The unfolded protein response (UPR) counteracts stress caused by unprocessed ER client proteins. A genome-wide survey showed impaired induction of many UPR target genes in xbp-1 mutant Caenorhabditis elegans that are unable to signal in the highly conserved IRE1-dependent UPR pathway. However a family of genes, abu (activated in blocked UPR), was induced to higher levels in ER-stressed xbp-1 mu...

Secretion and membrane fusion are fundamental cellular processes regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi transport, plasma membrane recycling, cell division, sexual reproduction, acid secretion, and the release of enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters, to name just a few. It is therefore no surprise that defects in secretion and membrane fusion give rise to diseases such as diabetes, Alz...

The American Board of Urology (ABU) has a very distinct mission that is often misunderstood by urologists in the community. In addition, there is an enormous number of acronyms associated with the ABU. In this paper, I will attempt to explain the workings of the ABU and to define and explain the acronyms. The mission of the ABU is to act for the benefit of the public to insure a high quality, s...