BACKGROUND Recently, a simple procedure in mice, Drinking-in-the-Dark (DID), was hypothesized to have value for medication development for human alcoholism. In DID, mice are offered intermittent, limited access to ethanol over a series of days during the dark phase that results in rapid drinking to intoxication in predisposed genotypes. METHODS We measured the effects of acamprosate or MPEP, ...

Propolis is a complex resinous material with many pharmacological and biological properties attributed to the presence of many volatile and non-volatile phytochemical compounds which have not been analysed in details for Malaysian propolis. In this study, we determined and compared volatile phytochemical compounds in water and ethanol extracts of Malaysian propolis (Trigona itama) using gas chr...

Solubility data of recalcitrant contaminants in cosolvents is essential to determine their potential applications in enhanced soil remediation. The solubilities of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene in ethyl lactate/water and ethanol/water mixtures were measured using equilibrium techniques. The cosolvency powers derived from solubility data were then applied to the model...

BACKGROUND Environmental issues, such as the fossil energy crisis, have resulted in increased public attention to use bioethanol as an alternative renewable energy. For ethanol production, water and nutrient consumption has become increasingly important factors being considered by the bioethanol industry as reducing the consumption of these resources would decrease the overall cost of ethanol p...

Two rhesus monkeys were required to emit 1 to 16 responses (FR 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16) per 0.5 ml delivery of either 8% (w/v( ethanol or water. Ethanol had been established as an effective reinforcer via the oral route in an earlier experiment [4]. At FR 16, responding maintained by ethanol clearly exceeded responding maintained by water for both monkeys. The volume of ethanol intake per session re...

Ethanol and water extracts of Icacina trichantha leaves were screened for their phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus spp, Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumonia. The result indicated that alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenols were present in the plant part. Both the ethanol extract and the water extract were active again...

PURPOSE To review the use of a new resin-dentin bonding model called the macro-hybrid layer, to quantify resin uptake and matrix shrinkage during resin infiltration and solvent evaporation. A secondary purpose was to introduce the concept of ethanol-wet bonding where water-saturated acid-etched dentin is exchanged with ethanol to create ethanol-saturated dentin. Adhesive monomers seem to penetr...

The ethanol, methanol and water extracts of Tecoma stans effective against tested for antiinflammatory activity, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and acetycholinesterase inhibitory activity. The methanol, ethanol and water extracts showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation is 86.32, 83.81, 61.39 g/ml and red blood cells membrane stabilization w...

Hydrogen binding energies are calculated for the different isomers of 1:1 complexes of methanol, ethanol and water using ab initio methods from MP2 to CCSD(T). Zero-point energy vibration and counterpoise corrections are considered and electron correlation effects are analyzed. In methanol–water and ethanol–water the most stable heterodimer is the one where the water plays the role of proton do...

Host systems with guest binding ability in water and/or biological fluids are a current challenge in supramolecular host–guest chemistry. Here we present the first syntheses of water-soluble N-ethanol ammonium resorcinarene chlorides (NARCls) with terminal hydroxyl groups at the upper rim. The NARCls possess deep cavities and are shown to bind a variety of guest molecules such as linear and cyc...