BACKGROUND For ethical approval of a multicentre study in Canada, investigators must apply separately to individual Research Ethics Boards (REBs). In principle, the protection of human research subjects is of utmost importance. However, in practice, the process of multicentre ethics review can be time consuming and costly, requiring duplication of effort for researchers and REBs. We used our ex...

Marine bacterial communities are resistant to elevated carbon dioxide levels. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 6 (6). The NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. Summary 31 It is well established that the release of anthropogenic derived ...

One of the fundamental ethical concerns about biomedical research is that it frequently exposes participants to risks for the benefit of others. To protect participants' rights and interests in this context, research regulations and guidelines set out a mix of substantive and procedural requirements for research involving humans. Risk thresholds play an important role in formulating both types ...

Eiko Nemitz,1,2 Jose L. Jimenez,3 J. Alex Huffman,3 Ingrid M. Ulbrich,3 Manjula R. Canagaratna,4 Doug R. Worsnop,4 and Alex B. Guenther2 1Atmospheric Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK 2Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA 3University of Colorado/Dept. of Chemistry and Bioc...

The possible worlds semantics is a fruitful approach used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for both modelling as well as reasoning about knowledge in agent systems via modal logics. In this work our main idea is not to model/reason about knowledge but to provide a theoretical framework for knowledge assessment (KA) with the help ofMonatagueScott (MS) semantics of modal logic. In KA questions ask...

In response to criticism of ethical review of a South African clinical trial, we contrast aspects of the United States Common Rule with South African research ethics requirements. In the USA the Common Rule does not apply to all health research and allows many exemptions from ethics review and waivers of informed consent. At a structural level research ethics review in South Africa is in many c...

Social media (SM) research presents new challenges for research ethics committees (RECs) who must balance familiar ethical principles with new notions of public availability. This article qualitatively examines how U.K. REC members view this balance in terms of risk and consent. While it found significant variance overall, there were discernible experience-based trends. REC members with less ex...

The Alberta Research Ethics Community Consensus Initiative (ARECCI) is a unique Canadian initiative that addresses the ethical oversight of two main categories of health-related investigative projects: research and quality improvement (including quality assurance and program evaluation). ARECCI was formed as a result of discussions arising from health regions, health researchers and the Alberta...

The ethics of medical research have grown as an area of expertise and debate in recent years, with two broad approaches emerging in relation to transnational research: (1) the refinement of guidelines and strengthening of review, processes primarily to protect the right of individual research participants and strengthen interpersonal relations at the micro-level; and (2) considering more centra...

Implementation research (IR) is growing in recognition as an important generator of practical knowledge that can be translated into health policy. With its aim to answer questions about how to improve access to interventions that have been shown to work but have not reached many of the people who could benefit from them, IR involves a range of particular ethical considerations that have not yet...