Social and political tensions keep on fueling armed conflicts around the world. Although each conflict is the result of an individual context-specific mixture of interconnected factors, ethnicity appears to play a prominent and almost ubiquitous role in many of them. This overall state of affairs is likely to be exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change and in particular climate-related natur...

With the end of the Cold War, a large number of countries in the developing world emerged from civil conflict or another form of chaos in the early 1990s. While Cold War related conflicts winded down, a number of ethnic conflicts erupted, and several military interventions took place. Interventions were justified either for humanitarian purposes, as in the Balkans and several countries in Afric...

Although India’s Jharkhand movement resists classification as either an ethnic or an environmental movement, it has, at different times, mobilised clear elements of both with frequently violent outcomes. This paper examines the movement from a political ecology perspective and focuses on violence arising from natural resource-related grievances, notably land alienation, forest policy and employ...

Indonesia is a pluralistic country inhabited by Muslims, Christians, Catholics, Hindus, Buddhists, and Confucians, with hold the majority population. Their adherents live in harmony tolerance within democratic political system. However, at outset of reform era, Indonesian people suffered from instabilities, conflicts, terrorism, capitalizing ethnic, tribal, religious symbols for objectives such...

In the context of social integration theory, this paper explores the social outcomes of interactions between university students and indigenous Waala communities in the Wa Municipality, northwestern Ghana. Drawing on results from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, weposit that social integration outcomes have been both positive and negative, the latter being predominant. In the po...

There seems to be a debate on the validity of democratic peace theory. Whilst, some scholars and schools of thought have argued that democracy engenders peace, others have argued exactly the opposite. In the Nigerian context, democracy appears to have been characterized by violence, this paper examines democracy and violent conflicts and in origins and its implications for development with a pa...