The study of abstract and objective factors in the emergence of pan-Arabism in Iran, in pre and post-revolutionary eras is the subject of this essay. The goal is to examine and study elements that provoked ethnic sentiments in southern and Arab-dominated parts of Iran. At a juncture in history, such desires and sentiments manifested themselves in terms of separatist movements. This essay is bas...

It is not every day that a scholar stoops to defend legislatures. Oh sure, lots of political theorists rush to the defense of democracy in the abstract, but they often have little to say about actual democratic practice. By contrast, empirical political scientists (and “positive political theorists”) have lavished attention on the institutions of democratic governance such as legislatures (part...

Monitoring approaches to consciousness claim that a mental state is conscious when it is suitably monitored. Higher-order monitoring theory makes the monitoring state and the monitored state logically independent. Same-order monitoring theory claims a constitutive, non-contingent connection between the monitoring state and the monitored state. In this paper, I articulate different versions of t...