BACKGROUND Prior studies have suggested that HAART initiation may vary by race/ethnicity. Utilizing the U.S. military healthcare system, which minimizes confounding from healthcare access, we analyzed whether timing of HAART initiation and the appropriate initiation of primary prophylaxis among those at high risk for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) varies by race/ethnicity. METHODS Participants ...

The effect of a patient's race or ethnicity on cancer incidence and mortality rates remains a neglected area of cancer research. However, with cancer statistics differing among various populations, research on racial and ethnic groups could provide clues to cancer trends. Definitions of ethnicity and/or race need to be established and standardizedfor use in study protocols. Accordingly, all res...

OBJECTIVE To compare infant race/ethnicity based on birth certificates with parent report of infant race/ethnicity in a survey. DATA SOURCES The 2007 Oklahoma birth certificates and SEED for Oklahoma Kids baseline survey. STUDY DESIGN Using sensitivity scores and positive predictive values, we examined consistency of infant race/ethnicity across two data sources (N = 2,663). DATA COLLECTI...

Background—Patients’ evaluations are an important means of measuring aspects of primary care quality such as communication and interpersonal care. This study aims to examine variations in assessments of primary care according to age, gender, socioeconomic, and ethnicity variables. Methods—A cross sectional survey of consecutive patients attending 55 inner London practices was performed over a 2...

Ethnicity and race are commonly used in biomedical research to portion human populations into groups for analysis. The view taken here is that race is a sociological construct that is poorly correlated with any measurable biological or cultural phenomenon other than the amount of melanin in an individual's skin. On the other hand, ethnicity is a sociocultural construct that is often, if not alw...

Studies have shown that the digital divide affects students' educational achievement across racial and ethnic groups. In light of this, study investigates effect technology access at home on student learning hours during COVID-19 pandemic groups in U.S. The Household Pulse Surveys (HPS), conducted by United States Census Bureau administered from August 19, 2020, to March 29, 2021, were used for...

Existing evidence seems to indicate that Muslims in Scotland have constructed hyphenated or hybrid identities that draw on religion, ethnicity and nationality. However, minor attention has been given to the differences in importance, meanings, and strengths of these identities, or the significance of their identity markers. Ethnic minority people can be identified with both their ethnic groups ...

BACKGROUND Focus groups are commonly used to explore participants' experiences in health and social care research. Although it is suggested that having demographically homogenous groups may help put participants at ease, the evidence is sparse.The aims of the paper are to: explore the impact of relative ethnic homogeneity and heterogeneity of focus group participants on the group discussions; i...

Although social stratification persists in the US, differentially influencing the well-being of ethnically defined groups, ethnicity concepts and their implications for health disparities remain under-examined. Ethnicity is a complex social construct that influences personal identity and group social relations. Ethnic identity, ethnic classification systems, the groupings that compose each syst...