Evaluative conditioning refers to changes in the liking of a stimulus that are due to the fact that the stimulus has been paired with other, positive or negative stimuli. Although evaluative conditioning appears to be subjected to certain boundary conditions, significant evaluative conditioning effects have been obtained using a large variety of stimuli and procedures. Some data suggest that ev...

While performing a simple task of following: a suture while closing a surgical wound in a simulated environment, we hypothesized that negative reinforcement results in increased procedural errors, longer operating time and poorer trainee satisfaction. We aimed to measure the effect on participant performance and the perception of the instructor, following positive or negative supervisor feedbac...

INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to examine the effect of an elaborate feedback and an audience response system (ARS) on learning success. METHODS Students of the 1st clinical semester were randomly assigned to a study and a control group. The randomization was carried out considering the factors of age, gender and power spectrum during preliminary dental examination. Within 10 lectures ...

Feedback plays a significant role in precepting and is indispensable in residency training. As described by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the goal of any postgraduate residency program is to prepare individual trainees to function as qualified practitioners. Although feedback and evaluations have traditionally been synonymous, our goal is to differentiate the two and...

The word formation pattern [ __-i]N mask. in Alemannic mainly derives masculine agent nouns from verbs resulting output semantics of ‘someone who notoriously acts the manner base verb’. I analyse as an instance evaluative morphology embedded a more general oriented schema and propose scenario how may have developed OHG hypochoristic primarily used names. In qualitative quantitative analysis two...

BACKGROUND Assessment of endoscopic disease activity, as measured by various endoscopic evaluative instruments, is an essential part of quantifying disease activity in clinical trials in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Evaluative instruments have specific definitions and operating properties that influence the interpretation of clinical trial results. Our objective was to systematically ...

We propose a product design optimization method that maximizes the integrated satisfaction level for evaluative factors. Product designs include many evaluative factors that have complex interrelationships. To cope with such circumstances, we construct strategies and a practical method to obtain optimum design solutions. First, the evaluative items for the product are listed and each item is de...

BACKGROUND Teachers can deliver feedback using person ('you are clever') or process terms ('you worked hard'). Person feedback can lead to negative academic outcomes, but there is little experimental research examining the impact of feedback on children's perceptions of the student-teacher relationship. AIM We examined the effects of person, process, and no feedback on children's perceptions ...

BACKGROUND Health professions education is characterised by work-based learning and relies on effective verbal feedback. However the literature reports problems in feedback practice, including lack of both learner engagement and explicit strategies for improving performance. It is not clear what constitutes high quality, learner-centred feedback or how educators can promote it. We hoped to enha...

Increasingly, research is turning to the ways in which social context impacts decision making and feedback processing in adolescents. The current study recorded electroencephalography to examine the trajectory of development across adolescence, with a focus on how social context impacts cognition and behaviour. To that end, younger (10-12 years) and older (14-16 years) adolescents played a modi...