COMMENT: FRONTAL LOBES, EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION, GAIT, AND THE FALLACY OF PSEUDO-TRANSITIVITY Massimo Filippi, Federica Agosta, Milan, Italy; Vladimir Kostić, Belgrade, Serbia; on behalf of all authors of “Pattern of brain tissue loss associated with freezing of gait in Parkinson disease”: We thank Dr. Montgomery1 for his stimulating comments on our article. Our study showed that a specific patte...

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by pervasive motor deficits, often accompanied by specific cognitive impairments, most prominently executive dysfunctions. However, it is often hard to determine whether the impaired performance of patients with PD on executive tests is the result of an executive dysfunction or whether it is due to motor difficul...

OBJECTIVES To validate the Executive Interview (EXIT25) as a screening instrument for executive cognitive dysfunction in patients with mild dementia. DESIGN Validation using group comparison and correlation studies. SETTING The Copenhagen University Hospital Memory Clinic, a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic based in a neurological setting. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three patients with mild d...

Background: Little is known about the cognitive signature of bipolar disorder (BD) in elderly brains. The neuropsychological features of depressive elderly with early-onset BD are largely unknown. This issue is relevant because cognitive impairment can produce an additional impact on the already compromised functionality of elderly with BD. The aim of this study is to assess executive functions...

Persons with autism regularly exhibit executive dysfunction (ED), including problems with deliberate goal-directed behavior, planning, and flexible responding in changing environments. Indeed, this array of deficits is sufficiently prominent to have prompted a theory that executive dysfunction is at the heart of these disorders. A more detailed examination of these behaviors reveals, however, t...

OBJECTIVE To establish whether alterations of brain structures in Alzheimer's disease are associated with executive dysfunction. METHODS Nineteen patients with Alzheimer's disease and 22 older control subjects underwent a comprehensive evaluation. The clock drawing test, digit span test, executive motor function test, Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome battery (Rule Shift Card...

A similar pattern of deficits in executive function and neuroanatomical abnormalities is shared between 22q 11.2 deletion syndrome (22q 11DS) and schizophrenia, suggesting that common cerebral alterations may lead to cognitive dysfunction and promote the appearance of psychotic symptoms in 22q 11DS individuals. Specifically, there is increasing evidence for involvement of the cingulate gyrus (C...

BACKGROUND Midlife hypertension has long been established as a risk factor for dementia, but the role of late-life hypertension remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of hypertension in cognitive deterioration among older subjects with cognitive impairment, no dementia. DESIGN The Canadian Study of Health and Aging was conducted in 3 waves (1991, 1995-1996, and 2001-2002). SET...