Engine control policies are mostly based on the assumption that all injectors have the same behavior independent of location and aging. In reality, injectors do vary and age. To contain variations around a nominal value, tight tolerances are imposed on the manufacturing process. Even if the manufacturing process is tightly controlled, the air-to-fuel ratio needed to satisfy emission constraints...

Abstract Based on an actual project in Beijing, this article investigates the effect of smoke control strategies extraction efficiency under different fire source locations point system extra-long tunnels using Airpak software. The results show that when a occurs tunnel, tunnel varies greatly depending location and adoption strategies. Due to suction exhaust shaft fan, relative distance between...

Feedforward A/F control in turbocharged gasoline engines with variable valve timing requires knowledge of exhaust manifold pressure, Pe. Physical conditions in the manifold make measurement costly, compelling manufacturers to implement some form of on-line estimation. Processor limitations and the calibration process, however, put constraints on estimator complexity. This paper assesses the fea...

In turbocharged engines with wastegate the exhaust pressure can change rapidly. A method to estimate the exhaust manifold pressure is presented for diagnosis of wastegate and turbocharger on spark-ignited engines. It does not require any extra sensors in the exhaust system after the calibration. A non-linear model is developed of the exhaust pressure. Estimates of the exhaust manifold pressure ...

Gasoline engine exhaust has been considered as a major source of air pollution in China. Due to lower cyto- and geno-toxicity effects of methanol engine exhaust, methanol is regarded as a potential substitute for gasoline. We have previously compared cyto- and geno-toxicities of gasoline engine exhaust with that of methanol engine exhaust in A549 cells (Zhang et al., 2007).To characterize the i...

In this research work, the effectiveness of stainless steel sheet for the production of motor cycle exhaust muffler burn protector was investigated. Energy Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence method was used to determine the chemical composition of the stainless steel materials and exhaust muffler of the motor cycle. The stainless steel sheet was perforated and folded to frustum shape to achieve aero...

In turbocharged engines with wastegate the exhaust pressure can change rapidly. Two methods to estimate the exhaust manifold pressure are compared for diagnosis of wastegate and turbocharger of a spark-ignited engine. One relies on the first law of thermodynamics and produces changes in exhaust manifold pressure. The second uses a model of the mass of remaining exhaust gases in the cylinder and...

Background: Heart valve disease gradually increases the pressure in the heart chambers and impairs heart pumping. It influences on quality of life due to low output, disability, fear, amnesia, anxiety, and depression. Although most of signs and symptoms in patients with heart valve diseases may significantly decrease after valve replacement surgery, there is limited information about the impact...