Exosomes regulate cell behavior by binding to and delivering their cargo to target cells, however the mechanisms mediating exosomecell interactions are poorly understood. Heparan sulfates on target cell surfaces can act as receptors for exosome uptake, but the ligand for heparan sulfate on exosomes has not been identified. Using exosomes isolated from myeloma cell lines and from myeloma patient...

We recently proved that exosomes engineered in vitro to deliver high amounts of HPV E7 upon fusion with the Nefmut exosome-anchoring protein elicit an efficient anti-E7 cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune response. However, in view of a potential clinic application of this finding, our exosome-based immunization strategy was faced with possible technical difficulties including industrial manufacturin...

By virtue of lifestyle change, incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasingly being raised with different up-surging pathologies. This condition found to disqualify endothelial progenitor cells during neo-vascularization. Besides to an aborted differentiation property, malfunctioned paracrine activities exacerbate vascular abnormalities. It is found nano-scaled exosomes play essential roles on re...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent APCs. Whereas immature DCs down-regulate T-cell responses to induce/maintain immunologic tolerance, mature DCs promote immunity. To amplify their functions, DCs communicate with neighboring DCs through soluble mediators, cell-to-cell contact, and vesicle exchange. Transfer of nanovesicles (< 100 nm) derived from the endocytic pathway (termed exosomes) r...

Most RNAs in eukaryotic cells are produced as precursors that undergo processing at the 3' and/or 5' end to generate the mature transcript. In addition, many transcripts are degraded not only as part of normal recycling, but also when recognized as aberrant by the RNA surveillance machinery. The exosome, a conserved multiprotein complex containing two nucleases, is involved in both the 3' proce...

The nuclear RNA exosome is an essential and versatile machinery that regulates maturation and degradation of a huge plethora of RNA species. The past two decades have witnessed remarkable progress in understanding the whole picture of its RNA substrates and the structural basis of its functions. In addition to the exosome itself, recent studies focusing on associated co-factors have been elucid...

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice and verify the role of exosome. METHODS Exosome was isolated from the culture supernatant of MSC. For ischemic preconditioning, MSCs were subjected to anoxia for 0 min (MSCs group), 30 min (MSCs(IPC-30) group), 60 min (MSCs(IPC-60) group) and 90 min (MSCs(IPC 90) group),...

Misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) resulting in cytotoxicity is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. The recent body of evidence indicates that αsyn can be released from neuronal cells by nonconventional exocytosis involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes. The transfer of αsyn between cells has been proposed to be an important me...

The characterization of heterogeneous multicomponent protein complexes, which goes beyond identification of protein subunits, is a challenging task. Here we describe and apply a comprehensive method that combines a mild affinity purification procedure with a multiplexed mass spectrometry approach for the in-depth characterization of the exosome complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressed at...

The RNA exosome processes and degrades RNAs in archaeal and eukaryotic cells. Exosomes from yeast and humans contain two active exoribonuclease components, Rrp6p and Dis3p/Rrp44p. Rrp6p is concentrated in the nucleus and the dependence of its function on the nine-subunit core exosome and Dis3p remains unclear. We found that cells lacking Rrp6p accumulate poly(A)+ rRNA degradation intermediates ...