purpose: this study aimed to investigate the effect of sports activities on behavioral-emotional problems of students with intellectual disability. methods: research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and the control group. the study population consisted of all students with intellectual disability in farashband city, iran who were studying in 2013. the sample comprised ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in body fat percentage and aerobic capacity in professional soccer players, after the implementation of a specific 4-week training regimen during the transition period. Fifty-eight professional soccer players of the Greek Premier National Division were separated in experimental (n = 38) and control groups (n = 20). Body composition and maxim...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy and rhythmic exercise on health related quality of life, blood pressure and upper extremity muscle strength in the institution-dwelling elderly women. METHODS The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of 35 elders (18 in the experimental group an...

PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine if tactile sensitivity varies in dental hygiene students who use the ultrasonic scaler, as compared to those who scale with hand-activated instruments. METHODS A two-group, randomized subjects, pretest-posttest design was carried out mid-semester for five weeks on 40 first-year dental hygiene students who met the inclusion criteria of this study a...

objective: the aim of present research is to investigate the effects of neurofeedback on cognitive function with emphasis on memory. method: this study is an experimental study. for this reason using a stratified sampling procedure sample of 30 subjects in 2 groups of experimental and placebo was selected. investigated subjects were assessed with the wechsler memory scale in two stages (pretest...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of a traditional pretest versus a retrospective pretest, the stability of self-reported behavior changes at 3 or 6 months post-class series, and the most effective method for longer-term follow-up assessment of Operation Frontline's Eating Right class series. DESIGN Longitudinal study; subjects surveyed at some combination of traditional pretest, retr...

The purpose of this study is to integrate the idea of concept map into dynamic assessment model for accounting education in vocational high school. By using the expert concept map and the objectives as the main reference to generate assessment questions for diagnosis purposes, students should be informed the shortcoming of learning and receive proper guidance to improve learning. A quasi-experi...

Geometry is the study of shape and space. Without spatial ability, students cannot fully appreciate the natural world. Spatial ability is also very important for work in various fields such as computer graphics, engineering, architecture, and cartography. A number of studies have demonstrated that technology has an important potential to develop spatial skills. In the present study, the effect ...

ôbjective: ône of non-confrontative methods for treatment of difficult issues such as grief is movie therapy which is an advanced form of bibliotherapy. the present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of group movie therapy (gmt) on reduction of intensity of grief experience in bereaved adolescent girls. methods: this was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and a follow up...

The article examines issues involved in comparing groups and measuring change with pretest and posttest data. Different pretest-posttest designs are presented in a manner that can help rehabilitation professionals to better understand and determine effects resulting from selected interventions. The reliability of gain scores in pretest-posttest measurement is also discussed in the context of re...