For a long period foreign trade was one of the major priorities for Russian economic development. Economic contradictions between Russia and Western countries changed international order. As result sanctions global financial banking system ruined, faces serious problems. In current situation has to reload its priorities. This article covers trends in during 2022-2023. 2022 oil natural gas expor...

While tariff barriers have drastically reduced around the world, non-tariff barriers, including demonstrating compliance with technical regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures, remain a significant obstacle to trade could be particularly daunting for small medium enterprises (SMEs). International standards been recognized as an effective way reduce (TBT). This research exam...

Among agricultural products in Iran, pistachio is one of the major export products that can produce foreign currency. The present study evaluated factors affecting pistachio export earnings instability and its effect on agricultural export during the studied period. For this purpose, export earnings instability index was calculated using "average absolute difference between export earnings and ...

Indonesia has been striving to become the world’s largest ornamental fish exporter for past two decades, but success limited. This study analyzes Indonesia’s export competitiveness and identifies barriers encountered. A trade analysis using UN-Comtrade database 2012–2021 was conducted Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Constant Market Shares (CMS), Competitiveness Matrix formulas evaluate co...

Very few issues are more contentious today than the effects of trade policy on the rate of economic growth and poverty in developing countries. The paper investigates the relationship between trade barriers and growth using a dynamic panel regression model for data on 48 developing countries over 1980-1999. Trade barriers are captured by measures of tariffs, import and export taxes. Particular ...

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped tariff equivalent estimate to its determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, trade co...

Although the US-China relationship has been strained by the latter’s economic and military rise over the last decade, China’s development can benefit the US in a variety of ways. This paper argues that the most important facet of the US recovery is the reindustrialization of a largely service-based economy. To accomplish that goal, this paper suggests that the United States end barriers to Chin...

A study on problems and prospects of shrimp production and marketing from Bangladesh on the basis of secondary information was carried out from July to October 08. Shrimp farming has emerged one of the important economic activities in Bangladesh and become the second largest export industry after garments. Shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas plays a major role providing employment, income and f...

Fujian tea has always occupied a leading position in China's exports, but recent years been subject to the constraints of green trade barriers developed countries, and competitiveness exports weakened. The purpose this paper is introduce current situation analyze positive negative effects on tea, explore main problems export trade, propose corresponding countermeasures for specific problems.

In this article, the reasonswhydeveloping countries trade fewer agricultural products than developed countries are analyzed. Based on earlier findings that low trade volume in the agricultural sector is due to high trade costs, the focus is on evaluating the extent to which bilateral trade costs in the agricultural sector differ among trading partners. Using a neo-Ricardian trade model, the res...