Variants on muscles and tendons of the forearm or hand occur frequently in human beings. They are often discovered during educational cadaveric dissections and surgical procedures. Knowledge of such anomalies is necessary to the surgeons in order to avoid possible damage to adjacent muscles' tendons' blood vessels or nerves. Here we describe a rare muscular variant, the extensor indicis brevis ...

Squids encounter vastly different flow regimes throughout ontogeny as they undergo critical morphological changes to their two locomotive systems: the fins and jet. Squid hatchlings (paralarvae) operate at low and intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re) and typically have rounded bodies, small fins, and relatively large funnel apertures, whereas juveniles and adults operate at higher Re and generall...

Purpose. This study explored the effect of autologous blood injection (with ultrasound guidance) to the elbows of patients who had radiologically assessed degeneration of the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis and failed cortisone injection/s to the lateral epicondylitis. Methods. This prospective longitudinal series involved preinjection assessment of pain, grip strength, and function, u...

It is assumed that the abundance of Agriotes wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) is affected by agro-ecological factors such as climatic and edaphic factors and the crop/previous crop grown at the sites investigated. The aim of this study, conducted in three different geographic counties in Croatia from 2007 to 2009, was to determine the factors that influence the abundance of adult click beetle...

PURPOSE From 1993 to 1999, 17 patients (18 elbows) underwent the Garden procedure for clinically diagnosed tennis elbow. Non-operative treatment was ineffective for these patients. METHODS The study group consisted of 10 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 49.6 years. Follow-up duration ranged from 18 months to 6 years, with a mean of 37 months. Patients' pain, activity level, and hand grip s...

Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, is a common cause of elbow pain in the general population. Traditionally, lateral epicondylitis has been attributed to degeneration of the extensor carpi radialis brevis origin, although the underlying collateral ligamentous complex and joint capsule also have been implicated. Nonsurgical treatment, the mainstay of management, involves a myriad of options...

Upper extremity musculoskeletal modeling is becoming increasingly sophisticated, creating a growing need for subject-specific muscle size parameters. One method for determining subject-specific muscle volume is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of MRI-derived muscle volumes in the human forearm across a variety of muscle sizes and shapes. ...

Forearm compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency that usually requires release of the superficial muscle compartments. In some clinical situations it is imperative to also explore the deep muscle compartments. There are no anatomical guides for surgical exploration of the deep compartments that would minimize collateral damage to surrounding vessels, nerves, and muscles. Surgical injury in ...

PURPOSE Individuals with spinal cord injuries resulting in tetraplegia may receive tendon transfer surgery to restore grasp and pinch function. These procedures often involve rerouting the brachioradialis (Br) and the extensor carpi radialis longus tendons volar to the flexion-extension axis of the wrist, leaving the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle to provide wrist extension streng...

INTRODUCTION The extensor tenodesis is a direct dynamic tenodesis which is activated by wrist flexion due either to hand weight or flexor carpi radialis. This tenodesis is usually performed to the distal radius, but it is possible to fix EDC (extensor digitorum communis) to the retinaculum extensorum. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biomechanical study concerned 12 anatomical subjects (24 wrists). The b...