The acid-sensitive ion channels (ASICs) are a family of voltage-insensitive sodium channels activated by external protons. A previous study proposed that the mechanism underlying activation of ASIC consists of the removal of a Ca2+ ion from the channel pore (Immke and McCleskey, 2003). In this work we have revisited this issue by examining single channel recordings of ASIC1 from toadfi sh (fASI...

Rev. 1.10 ■ Memories – 32K to 60K dual voltage High Density Flash (HDFlash) or ROM with read-out protection capability. In-Application Programming and In-Circuit Programming for HDFlash devices – 1K to 2K RAM – HDFlash endurance: 100 cycles, data retention: 20 years at 55°C ■ Clock, Reset And Supply Management – Enhanced low voltage supervisor (LVD) for main supply and auxiliary voltage detecto...

flapping-wing robotic insects are small, highly maneuverable flying robots inspired by biologicalinsects and useful for a wide range of tasks, including exploration, environmental monitoring, searchand rescue, and surveillance. recently, robotic insects driven by piezoelectric actuators have achievedthe important goal of taking off with external power; however, fully autonomous operation requir...

The voltage dependence of the rat renal type II Na+/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-2) was investigated by expressing NaPi-2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes and applying the two-electrode voltage clamp. In the steady state, superfusion with inorganic phosphate (Pi) induced inward currents (Ip) in the presence of 96 mM Na+ over the potential range -140 </= V </= +40 mV. With Pi as the variable substrate, the a...

This paper presents an indirect adaptive system based on neuro-fuzzy approximators for the speed control of induction motors. The uncertainty including parametric variations, the external load disturbance and unmodeled dynamics is estimated and compensated by designing neuro-fuzzy systems. The contribution of this paper is presenting a stability analysis for neuro-fuzzy speed control of inducti...

Recently, as interest in eco-friendly distributed power has increased, studies on the improvement of performance breakers such DC and reliability existing AC have been actively conducted. To improve these breakers, this paper conducted analysis characteristics a low voltage circuit breaker using an external magnetic field. In experiment, before current-zero point, cut-off time to is shortened a...