Reactivity of snails against parasites exhibits a primitive focal reaction, with encapsulation, phagocytosis and destruction of parasite larvae by macrophage-like cells - the hemocytes. This reaction mimics granulomatous inflammation seen in higher animals. However, different from the latter, little is known about the participation of extra-cellular matrix in such snail defense reactions. Norma...

A large variety of new energy-generating technologies are being developed in an effort to reduce global dependence on fossil fuels, and to reduce the carbon footprint of energy generation. The term 'biological photovoltaic system' encompasses a broad range of technologies which all employ biological material that can harness light energy to split water, and then transfer the resulting electrons...

The presence of fat and other lipids within the cytoplasm of cartilage cells has often been observed. Collins, Ghadially, and Meachim (1965) in a previous paper have described this phenomenon in some detail. They find that intra-cellular lipid is an almost constant feature of the chondrocytes of adult hyaline cartilage in various anatomical situations in man and rodents, that it is more promine...

We expose first a biological model of memory based on one hand of the mechanical oscillations of axons during action potential and on the other hand on the changes in the extra cellular matrix composition when a mechanical strain is applied on it. Due to these changes, the stiffness of the extra cellular matrix along the most excited neurons will increase close to these neurons due to the growt...

PURPOSE To design a whole-kidney a cellular matrix scaffold using peristaltic pump perfusion and to ascertain the retention of extra cellular proteins by the scaffold. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Intravenous catheters were inserted into the renal artery followed by perfusion of decellularization solution using a peristaltic pump. After dec...