A large variety of new energy-generating technologies are being developed in an effort to reduce global dependence on fossil fuels, and to reduce the carbon footprint of energy generation. The term 'biological photovoltaic system' encompasses a broad range of technologies which all employ biological material that can harness light energy to split water, and then transfer the resulting electrons...

The presence of fat and other lipids within the cytoplasm of cartilage cells has often been observed. Collins, Ghadially, and Meachim (1965) in a previous paper have described this phenomenon in some detail. They find that intra-cellular lipid is an almost constant feature of the chondrocytes of adult hyaline cartilage in various anatomical situations in man and rodents, that it is more promine...

We expose first a biological model of memory based on one hand of the mechanical oscillations of axons during action potential and on the other hand on the changes in the extra cellular matrix composition when a mechanical strain is applied on it. Due to these changes, the stiffness of the extra cellular matrix along the most excited neurons will increase close to these neurons due to the growt...

PURPOSE To design a whole-kidney a cellular matrix scaffold using peristaltic pump perfusion and to ascertain the retention of extra cellular proteins by the scaffold. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Intravenous catheters were inserted into the renal artery followed by perfusion of decellularization solution using a peristaltic pump. After dec...

Proteins require a unique, native structure to perform their functions. Water molecules play an important role to develop and maintain this three-dimensional structure. Water is also necessary for several forms of enzyme catalysis, and is a constituent of many protein-protein, protein-DNA, or protein-RNA interfaces. Larger proteins acquire their native structure in a complicated folding pathway...

A comprehensive understanding of ROS (reactive oxygen species)-dependent cellular interaction requires the previously unmet ability to simultaneously monitor the intra- and extra-cellular environments. The present review assesses the potential of novel electrochemical and fluorescent-based nanosensor approaches to address the limitations of existing techniques for ROS analysis. Data generated b...

We present geometric simulations on a zeolite framework (faujasite) with extra-framework methanol and water contents explicitly present. We distinguish the intrinsic flexibility window of the framework from the newly defined extrinsic window limited by host-guest steric interactions. The extrinsic flexibility window can be limited not only in compression, but also in expansion, as the beta-cage...

Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that thrives in fresh water habitats, either as planktonic form or as part of biofilms. The bacteria also grow intracellularly in free-living protozoa as well as in mammalian alveolar macrophages, thus triggering a potentially fatal pneumonia called "Legionnaires' disease." To establish its intracellular niche termed the "Legionella...

familiarity with the normal and abnormal anatomy of the root canal system is essential for successful root canal treatment. the possibility of concomitant three-rooted and three- canalled maxillary and mandibular premolars are extremely rare. the purpose of this paper was to report a case with a three-rooted maxillary first premolar and two three-rooted mandibular premolars.