Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancy is the coexistence of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and extrauterine gestation. It is a rare and dangerous life-threatening situation that is difficult to diagnose and easily missed. The incidence in the general population is estimated to be 1 in 30,000. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy are pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), previ...

BACKGROUND The role of the innate immune system in tubal implantation remains undefined. This study compared expression of two key mediators of innate immunity, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin, in the uterine decidua of women with intrauterine and tubal pregnancies. METHODS Uterine decidua was collected from women (18-45 years) undergoing surgical termination of pregn...

Heterotopic pregnancy is defined as the coexistence of intrauterine and extrauterine gestation. It was first reported in 1708 as an autopsy finding. The incidence was originally estimated on theoretical basis to be 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. However, more recent data indicate that the rate is higher because of assisted reproduction and is approximately 1 in 7,000 overall and as high as 1 in 900 w...

Introduction: The cesarean scar pregnancy is on rise and the objective of this case study to highlight a different, bold but conservative approach an unusual challenging eight weeks heterotopic pregnancy, which was threatening rupture. Case Report: A 31-year-old G3P2L1 previous two sections presented with lower abdominal pain bleeding. She hemodynamically stable, ultrasonography (USG) magnetic ...