The impact of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) upon extreme rainfall in southern China was studied using the Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index and daily precipitation data from high-resolution stations in China. The probability-distribution function (PDF) of November–March rainfall in southern China was found to be skewed toward larger (smaller) values in phases 2–3 (6–7) of MJO, during whi...

Climate-related environmental and humanitarian crisis are important challenges in the Great Horn of Africa (GHA). In the absence of long-term past climate records in the region, tree-rings are valuable climate proxies, reflecting past climate variations and complementing climate records prior to the instrumental era. We established annually resolved multi-century tree-ring chronology from Junip...

[1] Water year indices and drought indices are helpful for categorizing water years into similar types, allowing water managers and policymakers to quantify years, visualize variability, and guide water operations. Many water management decisions, such as environmental flow requirements and water supply allocations, are based on water year type designations. They vary by region and index, but a...

1. introduction as strongly accepted among climatologists, climate change is a result of human activities. there is disagreement about how to define climate change, because of tremendous difference of climate changes in scale, intensity and occurrence time in various regions. recently there have been several observation analyses involving daily and extreme daily temperature trend and variabilit...

Statistical downscaling is commonly used in climate modeling to obtain high-resolution spatial projections of future climate scenarios from the coarse-resolution outputs projected by global climate models. Unfortunately, most of the statistical downscaling approaches using standard regression methods tend to emphasize projecting the conditional mean of the data while paying scant attention to t...

The United States produces 40% of the world’s corn and soybeans. Given its dominant market share, any effect on US production has global repercussions. Annual fluctuations in yields crucially depend on the occurrence of extreme heat as measured by temperatures that exceed 29C and 30C, respectively. We examine whether the highly subsidized US crop insurance gives farmers a disincentive to use al...