functions such as the empty space function F and the nearest neighbour distance distribution function G are often used as test statistics for point patterns. Van Lieshout and Baddeley recently proposed an alternative statistic, the J-function, which is deened as J = (1 ? G)=(1 ? F). Theoretical advantages of the J-function over the F-and G-statistics are that it measures both the type, strength...

Populations often have very complex hierarchical structure. Therefore, it is crucial in genetic monitoring and conservation biology to have a reliable estimate of the pattern of population subdivision. F(ST)'s for pairs of sampled localities or subpopulations are crucial statistics for the exploratory analysis of population structures, such as cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Howe...

162 CUNICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol.40, No. 1, 1994 6. Hahn G,J,Meeker WQ. Statistical intervals: a guide for practitioners. New York: John Wiley, 1991. 7. Bailar JC, Mosteller F. Guidelines for statistical reporting in articles for medical journals: amplifications and explanations. In: Bailar JC, Mosteller F, eds. Medical uses of statistics, 2nd ed. Boston: NEJM Books, 1992:313-31. 8. Altman DG, Gore S...

If r > 2, the r-Fibonacci numbers F (r) n are defined by F (r) 0 = F (r) 1 = · · · = F (r) r−1 = 1, with F (r) n = F (r) n−1 + F (r) n−r if n > r. The r-Lucas numbers L (r) n are defined by L (r) 1 = L (r) 2 = · · · = L (r) r−1 = 1 and L (r) r = r + 1, with L (r) n = L (r) n−1 + L (r) n−r if n > r + 1. If r = 2, the F (r) n and L (r) n reduce, respectively, to the classical Fibonacci and Lucas ...

UNLABELLED Differential gene expression detection using microarrays has received lots of research interests recently. Many methods have been proposed, including variants of F-statistics, non-parametric approaches and empirical Bayesian methods etc. The SAM statistics has been shown to have good performance in empirical studies. SAM is more like an ad hoc shrinkage method. The idea is that for s...

There are two motivations to consider statistics that are neither Bose nor Fermi: (1) to extend the framework of quantum theory and of quantum field theory, and (2) to provide a quantitative measure of possible violations of statistics. After reviewing tests of statistics for various particles, and types of statistics that are neither Bose nor Fermi, I discuss quons, particles characterized by ...

Cyber-attacks are increasing day by day. The generation of data the population world is immensely escalated. advancements in technology, intern leading to more chances vulnerabilities individual’s personal data. Across it became a very big challenge bring down threats security. These not only targeting user and also destroying whole network infrastructure local or global level, attacks could be...