Induction of altered phenotypes during development in response to environmental input involves epigenetic changes. Phenotypic traits can be passed between generations by a variety of mechanisms, including direct transmission of epigenetic states or by induction of epigenetic marks de novo in each generation. To distinguish between these possibilities we measured epigenetic marks over four gener...

Class I: Chromosome increase occurs in the first generation through the union of gametes one or both of which are unreduced. Can occur following selfor crosspollination. Class II: Chromosome doubling occurs in offspring of a hybrid with meiotic disturbances leading to unreduced gametes. It’s a second generation phenomenon: F2, BC1 or F1 crossed to a third parent. Class III: Chromosomal doubling...

Early growth response-1 (Egr-1), a transcription factor which often underlies the molecular basis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and oxidative stress, is key to myocardial I/R injury. Silent information regulator of transcription 1(SIRT1) not only interacts with and is inhibited by Egr-1, but also downregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Forkhead box O1(FOXO1)/manga...

Each year millions of pregnant woman are exposed to caffeine, which acts to antagonize adenosine action. The long-term consequences of this exposure on the developing fetus are largely unknown, although in animal models we have found adverse effects on cardiac function. To assess if these effects are transmitted transgenerationally, we exposed pregnant mice to caffeine equivalent to 2-4 cups of...

This study assessed the effects of refrigerated storage on the suitability of eggs of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), as hosts for propagation of the parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Development of the host eggs was terminated by chilling at 2 degrees C for 5 d before storage was initiated at 10 degresC for ...

Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to hypoxia and contribute to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. We have reported that N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2) can attenuate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Neonatal rat CMECs were isolated and subjected to H/R. Pretreatment of F2 leads to...

During and after microinjection of artificial endolymph into scala media of the guinea pig, the 2f1- f2 -DPOAE at 4.5 kHz generated by low-level primaries was recorded. Reproducible changes were measured when 1.1 microl of artificial endolymph was injected at a rate of 1.65 nl/s (1.53-1.83). This volume corresponds with an acute endolymphatic hydrops of 23%. After the onset of injection the inn...