Theories based on competition for resources predict a monotonic negative relationship between population density and individual biomass in plant populations. They do not consider the role of facilitative interactions, which are known to be important in high stress environments. Using an individual-based 'zone-of-influence' model, we investigated the hypothesis that the balance between facilitat...

OBJECTIVE This article aimed to critically review the literature on online counseling. METHOD Database and hand-searches were made using search terms and eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 123 studies. RESULTS The review begins with what characterizes online counseling. Outcome and process research in online counseling is reviewed. Features and cyberbehaviors of online counseling suc...

Vegetation patterns are abundant in arid and semiarid ecosystems, but how they form remains unclear. One of the most extended theories lies in the existence of scale-dependent feedbacks (SDF) in plant-to-plant and plant-water interactions. Short distances are dominated by facilitative interactions, whereas competitive interactions dominate at larger scales. These feedbacks shape spatially inhom...

Automated question generation approaches have been proposed to support reading comprehension. However, these approaches are not suitable for supporting writing activities. We present a novel approach to generate different forms of trigger questions (directive and facilitative) aimed at supporting deep learning. Useful semantic information from Wikipedia articles is extracted and linked to the k...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a training course for parents, designed to help them understand autism spectrum disorder and to facilitate social communication with their young child. STUDY DESIGN Controlled trial for 51 children aged 24 to 48 months, whose parents received either immediate intervention or delayed access to the course. Outcome was measured 7 months after recruitment in parents' use of ...

The literature on network management is extensive. However, it generally explores network structures, neglecting the impact of management strategies. In this article we assess the effect of management strategies on network outcomes, providing empirical evidence from 119 urban revitalization networks. We go beyond current work by testing a path model for the determinants of network outcomes and ...

Previous studies have suggested that learning is improved when people actively intervene rather than when they passively observe in causal structure learning tasks. Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether a facilitative effect will occur in the judgment of causal strength. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to learn causal strength in a situation where the target cause and c...

We investigated whether metacognitive suggestions alone can function as a means of encouraging recipients’ reflection and facilitate hypothesis revision. We also examined whether it is necessary to ground the suggestions on the recipients’ thinking processes for the facilitative effects. 108 participants were assigned to one of the four conditions: metacognitive suggestion collaboration with/wi...

Inhibition-of-return is the process by which visual search for an object positioned among others is biased toward novel rather than previously inspected items. It is thought to occur automatically and to increase search efficiency. We examined this phenomenon by studying the facilitative and inhibitory effects of location cueing on target-detection response times in a search task. The results i...