Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, a herbal medicine, has long been used in Korea for the treatment of sore throat, and to alleviate fever and accelerate wound healing. Although the therapeutic effect of P. vulgaris var. lilacina is likely associated with anti-inflammatory activity, the precise underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the ...

This study demonstrates how the incremental 4D-Var data assimilation method can be applied efficiently preconditioned in an application to an oceanographic problem. The approach consists in performing a few iterations of the reduced-order 4D-Var prior to the incremental 4D-Var in the full space in order to achieve faster convergence. An application performed in the tropical Pacific Ocean, with ...

In this paper we put forward a new method to estimate value at risk (VaR), autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (ARCH) factor, which combines multivariate analysis with ARCH models. Firstly, from a set of correlated portfolio risk factors, we derive a smaller uncorrelated risk factors set, by applying multivariate analysis. Secondly, we use ARCH schemes to model uncorrelated factors histo...

In this paper we generalize Vasicek’s Asymptotic Single Risk Factor (ASRF) solution to multiple factors organized with a particular hierarchical structure. We use this model to investigate credit portfolio loss. In this hierarchical factor model, asset returns of a company depend on a global factor, a sector factor, and an idiosyncratic risk factor. All companies share the same global factor an...

When economic capital is calculated using a portfolio model of credit value-at-risk, the marginal capital requirement for an instrument depends, in general, on the properties of the portfolio in which it is held. By contrast, ratings-based capital rules, including both the current Basel Accord and its proposed revision, assign a capital charge to an instrument based only on its own characterist...

Cowden syndrome (CS), a Mendelian autosomal-dominant disorder, predisposes to breast, thyroid and other cancers. Germline mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) have been recently reported in 23% of a large series of classic CS. Here, we validated our small (n = 10) pilot study in a large patient series that germline variations in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) occur in 8% (49...

With the rapidly increasing number of distributed energy resources (DER) on electric grids worldwide, there is a growing need to have these devices provide grid services and contribute to voltage and frequency regulation. PV inverters and other reactive-power capable DER have the capability to minimize distribution losses and provide voltage regulation with grid-support functions such as volt-v...

This study aims to apply value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) as time-varying systematic idiosyncratic factors address the downside anomaly of various asset pricing models currently existing in Pakistan stock exchange. The analyses significance high minus low VaR ES portfolios a factor one factor, three-factor, five-factor model. Furthermore, introduced six-factor model, deploying fa...

This paper examines the capability of both accounting and market information in explaining the cross-sectional variation of five-year credit default swap spreads. The paper proposes a panel FAVAR methodological approach to combine the additional predictions from a long list of accounting and market fundamental variables, while controlling the macroeconomic environment of the firms. A comprehens...