In the study of state fai/ure, scholars and practitioners have mostly focused on macro-level indicators to determine which state isfailed and which is not. This focus overlooks cruciallocal and regional variation that has to be taken into account when designing interventions. In this article, we develop a new approach to examine state fai/ure on this microlevel. Using a unique data-set on Somal...

BACKGROUND An inverse relationship between better socioeconomic status (total household income, education or occupation) and stroke has been established in developed communities, but family size has generally not been considered in the use of socioeconomic status indices. We explored the utility of Family Average Income (FAI) as a single index of socioeconomic status to examine the association ...

Many researchers have developed various measures to evaluate the functional status of community-dwelling elderly. The Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) was developed to measure instrumental activities of daily living in stroke populations. The FAI has undergone the most intensive evaluation, but its factor structure has not been examined in Japan. The primary purpose of this study was to investig...

We report simultaneous observations of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) in OI (557.7 nm) and OH airglow images and VHF radar backscatter from field-aligned irregularities (FAI) in the E-region during the SEEK-2 (Sporadic-E Experiment over Kyushu 2) campaign period from 29 July to 9 August 2002. An all-sky imager was operated at Nishino-Omote (30.5 N, 130.1 E), Japan. On 14 nights, 17 AGW events ...

BACKGROUND Functional adrenal insufficiency (FAI) is associated with increased mortality and is defined as subnormal cortisol production during acute severe illness. METHODS After screening 200 adult patients admitted in the medical emergency unit of Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, 113 critically ill HIV-infected adults not receiving corticosteroids were enrolled after obtaining informed co...

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) refers to a condition characterized by impingement of the femoral head-neck junction against the acetabular rim, often due to underlying osseous and/or soft tissue morphological abnormalities. It is a common cause of hip pain and limited range of motion in young and middle-aged adults. Hip preservation surgery aims to correct the morphological variants seen in...

decision making process requires information. accounting is the most important source of information. in 1998, the international federation of accountants issued a statement about the scope and using of accounting. it identified 4 stages for using accounting information: cost determination, planning and financial control, reduction of resources waste and creation the value. this study was desig...

The purpose of this study was to compare alterations in peroneal latency and electromechanical delay (EMD) following an inversion perturbation during walking in patients with functional ankle instability (FAI) and with a matched control group. Peroneal latency and EMD were measured from 21 patients with unilateral FAI and 21 controls. Latencies were collected during a random inversion perturbat...