With present (2021) tally rules, the number of seats in Bundestag is highly volatile. In 2017 it got 709 seats, 111 them extra-ordinary. The rules may double influence a voter who splits ballot, contrary to goal equal influence; increased assembly size concomitant. paper explains when and how this happens. A ballot’s combination Erststimme Zweitstimme information now ignored; as if they were...

We show that every (continuous) faithful product system admits a (continuous) faithful nondegenerate representation. For Hilbert spaces this is equivalent to Arveson’s result that every Arveson system comes from an E0–semigroup. We point out that for Hilbert modules this is not so. As applications we show a C–algebra version of a result for von Neumann algebras due to Arveson and Kishimoto, and...