As the share of wind energy in power system increases, consideration of these resources in power system planning, particularly in Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) is becoming more and more important. In this paper, a Probabilistic Multi-Objective Transmission Expansion Planning (PMO-TEP) is presented to find the optimal node for connecting the large scale distant wind farm to the network f...

The boom in food prices over the past 15 years and associated volatility in food prices has prompted relatively wealthy countries dependent on imports to renew their focus on policies to enhance food security. This has in turn prompted many of them to search for opportunities to secure food supply internationally. Coupled with a depressed yields in other assets such as equities and bonds, the f...

This study evaluates the potential impact of improved agricultural technologies on smallholders’ crop productivity and welfare. We use household-level data from Ethiopian Rural Household Survey collected by IFPRI in 1989-2009. The survey covers around 1500 rural households drawn from four regions and 15 rural villages. Endogenous treatment effect model is employed to account for the selection b...

This article assesses the achievement of land reform in South Africa with respect to the number of beneficiaries relative to rural employment and the demand for land and increases in livelihoods and agricultural output. Even though there are islands of success, for the past twenty years the Land Reform Programme has not satisfied these criteria. Implementation has been poor and farm workers’ an...

Cultivated land planting structure is directly related to China’s food security. The Central Rural Work Conference in 2021 pointed out that ensure security, attention should be paid the adjustment of structure. Therefore, it necessary explore whether tenure security has an impact on farmers’ cultivated non-grain behavior. Based micro survey data 550 farmers Guanzhong Plain, this paper explores ...

This paper presents scenarios of information security—defending against directed security threats, risk-averse firm’s willingness to invest, and attacker’s propensity to security measures—each enhancing our understanding of a firm’s information security investment under different circumstances. We find that, when a firm tries to defend against directed attacks, the relative size of potential lo...

This paper addresses a general description of small family farms in Indonesia. Building on literature review, it sheds light the significant role Sustainable Development Goals, Indonesia and their challenges, as well impact investments oriented to farmers for food security. The reviews indicate that enabling fulfill roles can affect acceleration progress across crucial elements Goals. Key chall...

This paper looks at the industrial organization of the investment banking industry. Longterm relationships between business firms and investment banks are pervasive in developed security markets. A vast literature argues that better monitoring and information result from relationships. Thus, security markets should allocate resources better when an investment banking industry exists. We study n...

In this paper, we use to system thinking analyze the outcome drawn by the increased government investment in information security industry. We also analyze the structure of the feedback, derived from the inter-connection of diverse variables that affects the investment for information security industry by both public and private sectors. Moreover, this study would help to establish incentives t...

The rise of the potential risks from different attacks on ICT systems means the investment in security technology is growing and is becoming a serious economic issue for many organizations. The assessment of the appropriate investment that is economically affordable and provides enough protection for the enterprise information system is an issue that is analysed here. The paper discusses the id...