Article history: Received 5 February 2010 Received in revised form 17 August 2010 Accepted 18 August 2010 Porcine fatness is a polygenic trait, but there has been limited success in identifying genes underlying its variation. Three candidate genes for fatness were evaluated: two encoding cytokines, i.e. interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), and the gene encoding the heart fatty...

The relationships between children's activity, aerobic fitness, and fatness are unclear. Indirect estimates of activity, e.g., heart rate (HR) and recall, may mask any associations. The purpose of this study was to assess these relationships by using the Tritrac-R3D, a pedometer, and heart rate. Thirty-four children, ages 8-10 yr, participated in the study. The Tritrac and pedometer were worn f...

Adipose tissue produces signals that can have a profound effect on many physiological functions, including energy expenditure and food intake. The hypothesis that variation in food intake of sheep resulting from differences in animal fatness can be predicted from effects of animal fatness on energetic efficiency was subjected to three tests. First, an existing food intake model was adapted to a...

OBJECTIVE To assess beliefs about body size (fatness and thinness) and body image in Black girls aged 10-18 years living in Cape Town. DESIGN Exploratory using qualitative methods. SETTING Cape Town, South Africa. METHOD Participants were Black African girls (n=240), aged 10-18 years, who attended 5 primary and 6 high schools in Black townships in Cape Town. The schools and the girls were...

BACKGROUND The adiposity rebound is the second rise in body mass index that occurs between 3 and 7 years. An early age at adiposity rebound is known to be a risk factor for later obesity. The aim here is to clarify the connection between the age at rebound and the corresponding pattern of body mass index change, in centile terms, so as to better understand its ability to predict later fatness. ...

1 From the Research Section, Tuberculosis Program, Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Bethesda, Maryland. "Present address: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. 3 Present address: Division of Occupational Health, Public Health Service, Department of Heal...

Two concurrent trials were conducted to examine the effects of gender, time of castration, genotype and feeding regimen on lamb growth rate and carcass fatness. Trial 1 compared Polypay and Coopworth x Polypay male lambs either left intact or castrated early, mid or late in growth. Trial 2 compared Hampshire-sired lambs (females, early castrate wethers and late castrate wethers) from Suffolk x ...

BACKGROUND Television (TV) viewing in children is associated with a higher body mass index, but it is unknown whether this reflects body fatness, and, if it does, why. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate whether TV viewing is associated with body fatness, physical activity, and total energy expenditure in preschool children. DESIGN Eighty-nine children were recruited into a cross-sec...

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is important for health policy as it may be associated with overweight epidemics in childhood and adolescence. The purpose of the study was to perform the risk assessment of joint effects of the excessive GWG and the pregravid maternal BMI on overweight in infancy and childhood. The observations were collected in the ongoing prospective birth cohort study of 482 no...

Changes in the amount and metabolism of adipose tissue (AT) occur in underfed ruminants, and are amplified during lactation, or in fat animals. The fat depot of the tail of some ovine breeds seems to play a particular role in adaptation to undernutrition; this role could be linked to its smaller adipocytes and high sensitivity to the lipolytic effect of catecholamines. Glucocorticoids and growt...