Fault tolerant systems comprise of subsystems that interact with each other in complex ways [Joh89]. As a result, modeling the reliability of these systems calls for sophisticated analytical techniques. A powerful technique to address this issue is dynamic fault tree analysis [Dug92]. But because the semantics on which Dynamic Fault Trees are based are themselves complex, there was a question o...

Fault tree technique has been used in industry for safety analysis of safety critical systems for decades. They can be used for analysing the safety of both software and hardware. However, there are a lot of problems in ensuring the internal consistency and validity of fault trees constructed due to the absence of appropriate approach of using fault tree technique. This paper describes a model-...

Fuzzy theory and Bayesian network theory were based on the fault tree. The fault tree analysis method improved the fault analysis to obtain number of event's exact problem. Considering the characteristics of the fuzzy risk analysis at the same time, it also solved the problem of scale fault analysis modeling. The theory is applied to the cost of construction shield tunnel risk analysis, floatin...

Reliability of a system is the probability that it will function as intended for the required period of time. The opposite of reliability is failure probability per unit time or over time, such as a life cycle. Following a review of existing reliability codes and approaches, comprehensive approaches to assess the reliability of offshore structures are described, including probabilistic analysis...

This paper surveys recent work on the economic effects, both theoretical and empirical, of Rules of Origin (RoO) in a Free Trade Area (FTA).

Validation of land cover products is a fundamental task prior to data applications. Current validation schemes and methods are, however, suited only for assessing classification accuracy and disregard the reliability of land cover products. The reliability evaluation of land cover products should be undertaken to provide reliable land cover information. In addition, the lack of high-quality ref...

We construct a three-country model to determine how the formation of free trade areas (FTAs) affects optimal tariffs and welfare. We find that, at constant rest of the world (ROW) tariffs, the adoption of internal free trade induces union members to reduce their external tariffs below the Kemp–Wan [J. Int. Econom. 6 (1976) 95–97] level, and causes ROW’s terms of trade to improve and its welfare...

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Korea in 1992, the bilateral economic and trade relations developed rapidly, two nations have become important trade partner and investment object country each other. Especially entered into 21st century, as the continuous changes of the world economic pattern and rising tide of regional economic cooperation, the Sino-Korea free trade...

In this paper, we outline a new approach to safety analysis in which concepts of computer HAZOP are fused with the idea of software fault tree analysis to enable a continuous assessment of an evolving programmable design developed in Matlab-Simulink. We also discuss the architecture of a tool that we have developed to support the new method and enable its application in complex environments. We...

Pandora is a recently proposed technique that extends classical Fault Tree Analysis to incorporate the effects of the temporal ordering of failure events. In this paper, we extend the conceptual foundation of Pandora with a new Priority-OR (POR) gate and we introduce the concept of a Temporal Truth Table as a mechanism that can be used to prove equivalence of expressions in Pandora logic. We al...