One of the most important reasons for damages during earthquakes is the liquefaction of loose and saturated sand soils. However, in many regions with proper soil specifications, the large settlements have been observed in the ground surface. Loose sand layers buried in fine soils are one of the cases which may result in these problems and as a weak point during earthquake can cause this phenome...

The paper deals with the design of cognitive artefacts. It is supported that both normative and descriptive design approaches fail to acknowledge the co-adaptation between users and artefacts; this leads to the so-called design paradox and obstructs the co-evolution of practice and artefacts. In the first section, the paper discusses the task-artefact cycle and presents examples showing that th...

The primitive streak is the organizing center for amniote gastrulation. It defines the future embryonic midline and serves as a conduit of cell migration for germ layer formation. The migration patterns of endodermal and mesodermal precursors through the streak have been studied in great detail. Additional new breakthroughs recently have revealed the cell biological and molecular mechanisms tha...

The susceptibility of Pneumocystis carinii to artemisinin (qinghaosu) was determined in short-term primary culture. In untreated cultures, trophozoites increased an average of fivefold over 4 days. Inhibition of parasite growth in cultures treated with artemisinin at concentrations as low as 0.5 microM was seen. In contrast, artemisinin concentrations up to 100 microM had no effect on feeder la...

Multimedia interactive contents that can be controlled by user’s motion attract a great deal of attention especially in entertainment such as gesture-based games. A system that provides such interactive contents detects the human motions using several body-worn sensors. To develop such a system, the contents creator must have enough knowledge about various sensors. In addition, since sensors an...

In this paper, highly efficient and simple monochrome blue, green, orange, and red organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on ultrathin nondoped emissive layers (EMLs) have been reported. The ultrathin nondoped EML was constructed by introducing a 0.1 nm thin layer of pure phosphorescent dyes between a hole transporting layer and an electron transporting layer. The maximum external quantum ...