The physiological properties of vertebrate skeletal muscle typically show a scaling pattern of slower contractile properties with size. In fishes, the myotomal or swimming muscle reportedly follows this pattern, showing slower muscle activation, relaxation and maximum shortening velocity (V(max)) with an increase in body size. We asked if the muscles involved in suction feeding by fishes would ...

The functional basis of learning in prey capture was investigated in the pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Feeding performance of sunfishes was assessed when the fish were first fed a novel, elusive prey (guppies) and compared with their performance after several weeks of experience with capturing guppies. During these feedings electromyographic recordings were made to document the patter...

The Labridae is one of the most structurally and functionally diversified fish families on coral and rocky reefs around the world, providing a compelling system for examination of evolutionary patterns of functional change. Labrid fishes have evolved a diverse array of skull forms for feeding on prey ranging from molluscs, crustaceans, plankton, detritus, algae, coral and other fishes. The spec...

the current study was conducted to evaluate effects of sequential or wet feeding programs subsequent to and early meal feeding regime on performance, carcass characteristics and humoral immunity in broiler chicks. 192 ross 308 chicks (seven-day old) were allocated to four treatments at four replicates (12 chicks per plot) based on a completely randomized design. treatments were included: contro...

In this study, a compact pattern reconfigurable antenna structure is proposed. The proposed half-wave square microstrip patch divided into two quarter-wave portions by conducting wall. This wall forces potential zero at the connection point; therefore, it separates independent portions. Pattern reconfiguration achieved separate feeding of Phase difference between excitations ports result in var...