Reproductive character displacement is the adaptive evolution of traits that minimize deleterious reproductive interactions between species. When arising from selection to avoid hybridization, this process is referred to as reinforcement. Reproductive character displacement generates divergence not only between interacting species, but also between conspecific populations that are sympatric wit...

A model of partnership formation based on two traits, called beauty and character, is presented. There are two classes of individual and partners must be of different classes. Individuals prefer prospective partners with a high beauty measure and of a similar character. This problem may be interpreted as e.g. a job search problem in which the classes are employer and employee, or a mate choice ...

abstract this study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. one of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists in the quran. this character is a symbol of patience. darvish and sayyab are the most important poets who used the mask of this character.  e...

Plants of Lycium californicum, L. exsertum, and L. fremontii produce flowers that are either male-sterile (female) or hermaphroditic, and populations are morphologically gynodioecious. As is commonly found in gynodioecious species, flowers on female plants are smaller than those on hermaphrodites for a number of floral traits. Floral size dimorphism has often been hypothesized to be the result ...

Models of Fisher's runaway process show that if there is a cost to female preference, no preference or male trait exaggeration will evolve. Surprisingly, this is true no matter how small the cost, which reveals that these models of Fisher's process are structurally unstable (Bulmer 1989). Here a model of Fisher's runaway process is presented to demonstrate that costly female preference evolves ...

This study aims to determine the existence of an ambitious side that is owned by main female character, Rebecca Sharp (Becky) in story film Vanity Fair. The results show Sharp, ambitious, which has impact on content adaptation novel with same title. research a library using qualitative analysis.

The Golden Notebook is Doris Lessing’s masterpiece, which was considered as the monumental feminist novel after World War ?. This paper studied and summarized “The Notebook” from perspective of feminism, further exploring causes confusions modern women female’s Other” status, well heroine character: Anna’s approaches in realizing “Free woman,” based on comparison analysis female characters nove...