Dopamine in dialysate from the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) increases during sexual and feeding behavior and after administration of drugs of abuse, even those that do not directly activate dopaminergic systems (e.g., morphine or nicotine). These findings and others have led to hypotheses that propose that dopamine is rewarding, predicts that reinforcement will occur, or attributes incentive salien...

Abstract: Title: Teratogenic Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab in Pregnant Rat Models Aim: To investigate teratogenic effect of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in pregnant rat model Methods: Twenty seven female Wistar rat were inseminated. Pregnant rats were divided into 6 groups (three groups as case and three as control groups). Each case and control groups divided accord...

The 1'-hydroxylation of rac-bufuralol, which is catalyzed by polymorphic CYP2D6 in humans, was studied in brain microsomes from male and female Wistar rats and from the female Dark Agouti rat, a model of the CYP2D6 poor metabolizer phenotype. The kinetics of the 1'-hydroxylation of bufuralol (1-1500 microM) by brain microsomes were biphasic. The activity of the high-affinity site of metabolism ...

The gestation period of rats is on average 21 to 23 days. Conceptus can be detected by ultrasonography after the 8‐9th days pregnancy. total number fetuses per pregnancy 1 20. In some cases, abortion occurs depending many etiological factors, and it most common complication subject present case report was surgical management spontaneous using inhalation anesthesia in a rat. material female albi...

Objective: Phthalates, despite their endocrine disrupting effects, are widely used as plastifiants. Environmental exposure of phthalates was demonstrated to cause fetal death and reproductive toxicity in human beings, well laboratory animals. However, underlying mechanisms not clear.
 Material Methods: Here, we examine the impact di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dibutyl (DBP)on rat lungs,...

The sex-dependent expression and growth hormone (GH) regulation of rat liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) was examined using oligonucleotide probes that distinguish between closely related class Alpha (Ya1, Ya2, Yc) and class Mu (Yb1, Yb2, Yb3) GST mRNAs [Waxman, Sundseth, Srivastava and Lapenson (1992) Cancer Res. 52, 5797-5802]. Northern-blot analysis revealed that the steady-state levels ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether a gender difference exists in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform or sarcoplasmic reticulum protein levels in diabetic rat hearts. As is the case with normal rodent hearts, all four chambers of the control rat hearts expressed almost 100% MHC-alpha. In 6-wk diabetic rats, MHC-beta expression in ventricles of males was significantly greater (78 +...

At birth testicular androgens irreversibly program brain centers involved in hypothalamopituitary control of hepatic sex-dependent steroid and drug metabolism. This imprinting process results in activation of a hypothalamic "feminostatin"-a secreting center that is turned on just before puberty. Feminostatin inhibits pituitary secretion of "feminizing factor," a pituitary hormone that feminizes...

Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes that are known for their protein cross-linking abilities. Transglutaminases have been investigated very little in female reproductive tissues. We hypothesized that transglutaminase proteins were present and active in the virgin rat uterus and cervix. In both tissues, real time RT-PCR identified transglutaminase 1, 2, 3, and 4 mRNA, and immunohistochemis...