We discuss a generalized model for a solar cell, and the realization with heterogeneous photochemical photovoltaic converters such as the dye-sensitized solar cell. The different steps involved in the conversion of photon energy to electrical energy, indicate that a key point to consider is maintaining the separation of Fermi levels in the selective contacts to the absorber. In order to underst...

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) were detected for the first time in 1967 in the range 0.1-1MeV [1] by US satellites Vela intended for monitoring of nuclear explosions in the atmosphere of the Earth. As was shown later these bursts had an astrophysical origin and did not connect to any processes at the Earth. Three possible locations of GRBs were assumed: the solar system, our Galaxy and sources at cosm...

Non-centrosymmetric superconductors, such as CePt3Si and Li2PtB2, are believed to have a line node in the energy gap arising from coexistence of s-wave and p-wave pairing. Using as an example CePt3Si we show that a weak c-axis magnetic field will remove this line node, since it has no topological stability against time-reversal symmetry breaking perturbations. Conversely a field in the a − b pl...

Michael Holt,1 Jaan Oitmaa,2 Wei Chen,3 and Oleg P. Sushkov2 1School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 2School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Sydney NSW, Australia 3Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany (Received 24 September 2012; revised manuscript recei...

Different phases of solid boron under high pressure are studied by first principles calculations. The α-B12 structure is found to be stable up to 270 GPa. Its semiconductor band gap (1.72 eV) decreases continuously to zero around 160 GPa, where the material transforms to a weak metal. The metallicity, as measured by the density of states at the Fermi level, enhances as the pressure is further i...

The dressing of nucleons as embodied in single-particle spectral functions is incorporated in the description of nucleon-nucleon scattering in nuclear matter at a density corresponding to kF51.36 fm . In order to clarify the new features associated with the complete off-shell behavior of the single-particle motion, results involving mean-field particles are also presented with special emphasis ...

I describe recent theoretical and experimental progress in understanding the physical properties of the two dimensional nearly anti-ferromagnetic Fermi liquids (NAFL's) found in the normal state of the cuprate superconductors. In such NAFL's, the magnetic interaction between planar quasiparticles is strong and peaked at or near the commensurate wave vector, Q ≡ (π, π). For the optimally doped a...

We review current theoretical ideas on pulsar winds and their surrounding nebulae. Relativistic MHD models of the wind of the aligned rotator, and of the striped wind, together with models of magnetic dissipation are discussed. It is shown that the observational signature of this dissipation is likely to be point-like, rather than extended, and that pulsed emission may be produced. The possible...

Aims. We study the acceleration and radiation of charged particles in the shock waves of supernova remnants using a recent version of the " box model ". According to this, particles are accelerated in an energy–dependent region around the shock by the first order Fermi mechanism and lose energy through radiation. Methods. The particle distribution function is obtained from a spatially averaged ...

Para-Fermi statistics and Fermi statistics are known to be associated with particular representations of the Lie algebra so(2n+1)≡ Bn. Similarly paraBose and Bose statistics are related with the Lie superalgebra osp(1|2n)≡ B(0|n). We develop an algebraical framework for the generalization of quantum statistics based on the Lie algebras An, Bn, Cn and Dn.