Fetal well-being was estimated by the enlargement of maternal abdomen, palpation of fetus on the abdomen, maternal perception of fetal kicking, and listening to fetal heart sound with obstetric stethoscope, in old age. Antique diagnosis of fetal life was fetal QRS found on limb lead electrocardiogram (ECG) studied by Cremer, which was progressed to fetal ECG amplifier composed of vacuum tube re...

OBJECTIVE To identify avoidable factors contributing to neonatal morbidity and mortality due to "birth asphyxia" and to ascertain if hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) alone could act as a good marker for avoidable factors associated with "birth asphyxia". SETTING Kalafong Hospital, South Africa, a regional hospital unit that caters for mainly indigent urban population but also receives re...

BACKGROUND Birth asphyxia is an insult to the fetus or newborn due to failure to breath or breathing poorly, leads to decrease oxygen perfusion to various organs. According to WHO, 4 million neonatal deaths occurred each year due to birth asphyxia. Our goal was to evaluate antepartum, intrapartum, and fetal risk factors of birth asphyxia. METHODS It was a Retrospective Case control study, con...

Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is widely used throughout the developed and developing world. This practice is based on the understanding that fetal heart rate (FHR) is sensitive to hypoxia. During labour, the fetus may be exposed to acute hypoxia during uterine contractions or intrapartum insults, and has well-established cardiovascular compensatory defence mechanisms, which idea...

A total of 440 perinatal deaths occurring in a maternity hospital over a 6 year period have been analysed clinically and pathologically. The decline in mortality could be attributed to a reduction in asphyxial deaths, lethal malformations, and macerated stillbirths. The establishment of a neonatal intensive care unit seemed to have been more successful in combating birth asphyxia than respirato...

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of leviracetam and phenytoin as a sole agent in control neonatal seizure due to grade II HIE. Methodology: A Prospective comparative study was conducted ICU Combined Military Hospital Malir Cantt for 7 months from June 2020 Dec 2020. Total 60 cases HIE perinatal asphyxia were reported during period enrolled using simple consecutive sampling technique. Their d...

An adverse outcome is still encountered in 45% of full-term neonates with perinatal asphyxia who are treated with moderate hypothermia. At present pharmacologic therapies are developed to be added to hypothermia. In the present article, these potential neuroprotective interventions are described based on the molecular pathways set in motion during fetal hypoxia and following reoxygenation and r...

Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most devastating complications associated with the process of birth. Medical complications that arise from this condition affect not only the brain, but also many other organ systems critical for the maintenance of life. An increased understanding of the multifactorial nature of this disease will help all health care workers to improve care for patients with thi...