Background The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a substantial focus on the buildup beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau protein tangles, in which astrocytes are involved clearance these tangles. In addition, large prospective study type II diabetic patients that experienced hypoglycemia showed significantly higher incidence dementia. Furthermore, there was significant li...

nowadays, new advances in the use of cell free fetal dna (cffdna) in maternal plasma of pregnant women has provided the possibility of applying cffdna in prenatal diagnosis as a non-invasive method. in contrary to the risks of invasive methods that affect both mother and fetus, applying cffdna is proven to be highly effective with lower risk. one of the applications of prenatal diagnosis is fet...

      Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic that has been used for a long time in therapy of an array of human malignancies either alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents. The dose-dependent cardiotoxicity of DOX significantly limits its anticancer efficacies. Oxidative stress caused by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species is an important contributor to DOX mito...

Edaravone, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, showed protective effects against oxidative stress-like condition. Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic herbicide considerable evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to PQ toxicity. In this study, protective effect of edaravone against PQ induced toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in A549 cells and...

The effect of phthalate ester plasticizers on a variety of enzyme systems was studied in rats, rabbits and pigs. The feeding of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to animals at levels from 0.1% to 1.0% in the diet resulted in diverse biochemical effects, such as inhibition of cholesterologenesis in liver, testes, and adrenal gland; inhibition of cholesterologenesis in brain and liver of fetal ra...

Mitochondria are essential organelles that host crucial metabolic pathways and produce adenosine triphosphate. The mitochondrial proteome is heterogeneous among tissues and can dynamically change in response to different metabolic conditions. Although the transcriptional programs that govern mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function are well known, posttranscriptional regulatory mechani...

In order to study the aging changes of intramitochondrial DNA synthesis of mouse adrenal cells, 8 groups of developing ddY mice, each consisting of 3 individuals, total 24, from fetal day 19 to postnatal newborn at day 1, 3, 9, 14, adult at month 1, 2 and 6, were injected with 3H-thymidine, sacrificed 1 hr later and the liver tissues were fixed and processed for electron microscopic radioautogr...

Early life malnutrition results in structural alterations in the kidney, predisposing offspring to later life renal dysfunction. Kidneys of adults who were growth restricted at birth have substantial variations in nephron endowment. Animal models have indicated renal structural and functional consequences in offspring exposed to suboptimal intrauterine nutrition. Mitochondrial bioenergetics pla...

schizophrenia is a chronic and often debilitating illness which affects about 1% of the world population. some reagents have been used to simulate schizophrenic disorders in laboratory animals, such as amphetamine and ketamine. previous studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ros) production, reduced levels of atp, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are involved in the pathoph...